A 59-year-old woman presented with a rare middle fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) unrelated to the cavernous sinus manifesting only as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed shunts between the meningeal branches of both the internal and external carotid arteries and the sphenobasal sinus. The AVF drained into the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) which had a varix and an ana...

Total occlusion of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) via transarterial embolization is difficult due to the rich anastomotic network of the dural/falcine plethora of feeding arteries, blood supply to cranial nerves, and extracranial to intracranial anastomoses. Incomplete occlusion of the fistulas will result in recanalization of the DAVF from the multiple collateral arteries constituting th...

We describe two patients who presented with dementia as the primary neurological manifestation of their dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). Although dementia is not the most common presentation for a dAVF, these cases show that obliterating the fistula can eliminate this dreadful manifestation. This awareness may facilitate the diagnosis of dementia in cases caused by dAVF and allow for a minim...

Intracranial DAVFs are pathologic dural-based shunts and account for 10%-15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. These malformations derive their arterial supply primarily from meningeal vessels, and the venous drainage is either via dural venous sinuses or through the cortical veins. DAVFs have a reported association with dural sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, previous crani...

MR digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a new diagnostic tool capable of producing dynamic images of the cerebral circulation with the injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine into a peripheral vein. Previous reports have concentrated on its potential as a noninvasive technique for the study of pial arteriovenous malformations. In this report, we present our early findings with MR DSA in the ...

The mode of presentation of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is dictated by the pattern of venous drainage. Lesions without demonstrable cortical venous reflux (CVR) have an indolent natural history. Alternatively, the presence of CVR defines aggressive lesions that mandate early diagnosis and definitive intervention (either surgical or endovascular).1 Indeed, it has been previously...

Intracranial multiple dural arteriovenous fistulas (MDAVFs) are rare lesions that are difficult to treat. The key factors involved in the development of MDAVFs remain unknown. At present, the majority of reports on intracranial MDAVFs are confined to case reports and small case series, and thus understanding of MDAVFs is limited. The current review assesses the available literature to date with...

AIM Most dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) can be treated safely and effectively with endovascular Onyx embolization. Balloon-assisted endovascular Onyx embolization of intracranial DAVFs is especially suitable for arterial protection and arterial flow reduction in complicated DAVFs. We systemically report our experience in the use of arterial balloon for Onyx embolization of DAVF and evalua...

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