In a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis displaying opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, magnetic resonance images (MRI) disclosed pontine lesions involving part of the pontine paramedian reticular formation and the raphe nucleus. Shrinkage of the lesions correlated with the patient's clinical state. This observation supports the hypothesis that a pontine lesion can cause opsoclonus-myoclonu...

Progressive motor deficits are relatively common in acute pontine infarction and frequently associated with increased functional disability. However, the factors that affect the progression of clinical motor weakness are largely unknown. Previous studies have suggested that pontine infarctions are caused mainly by basilar artery stenosis and penetrating artery disease. Recently, lower pons lesi...

Central pontine myelinolysis can occur after orthotopic liver transplantation leading to high mortality and serious morbidity. In our case, central pontine myelinolysis was associated with wide fluctuations in cyclosporine levels during an episode of hypocholesterolaemia, which may have precipitated central pontine myelinolysis.

Acetylcholine (ACh) regulates arousal and the present study was designed to provide insight into the neurochemical mechanisms modulating ACh release in the pontine reticular formation. Nitric oxide-releasing beads microinjected into the pontine reticular formation of C57BL/6J (B6) mouse caused a significant (p<0.0001) increase in ACh release. Microdialysis delivery of the nitric oxide donor NOC...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Etiology and symptomatology in pontine infarction extending to the basal surface are supposed to be different from those in deep pontine infarction of the lacunar type. The aim of this study was to compare the infarct size and location, vascular lesions, risk factors, and neurological deficits in three different types of acute pontine infarction. METHODS We studied isol...

Clinical manifestation of dystonia features involuntary muscle contraction or spasm resulting in postural and movement disorders. Depending on the distribution and spreading pattern of dystonia, four patterns have been described, including focal, segmental, multifocal and generalized dystonia. Dystonia can be seen as one of additional clinical features in a more severe neurologic condition. Mos...

More than 100 CT and 15 MR studies of infarcts in the cerebellum and brainstem were reviewed to define the most typical distribution of infarcts in the different vascular territories. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery territories are variable in size and are in a sort of equilibrium with each other. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory in...

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) have a dismal prognosis and are poorly understood brain cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases stabilized by neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) protein are known to induce gliomagenesis. Here, we investigated NG2 expression in a cohort of DIPG specimens (n= 50). We demonstrate NG2 expression in the majority of DIPG specimens tested and determine that tumors harbo...