this experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary n-3 to n-6 ratio on performance, immune response, blood parameters and fatty acids profile of broiler chickens. a total number of 192 one day old broiler chicks were randomly alloctted into 6 groups. chicks of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were fed balanced corn-soybean diets containing n-3 to n-6 ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9 and 1:...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the medicinal plant yarrow (achillea millefolium l.), a probiotic (primalac) and an antibiotic (virginiamycin) on gastrointestinal tract (git) characteristics, microbial populations, immune response, serum lipids and growth performance of broiler chickens. a total of 250 one-day old male broilers (ross 308) were randomly allocated to 5 trea...

some specific and non-specific immune variables of rainbow trout were assessed following vaccination of fish with formalin killed cells (fkc) and fkc containing extra cellular products (ecp) of s. iniae. rainbow trout weighing 80-100 g were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p), dip and oral routes using fkc and fkc plus ecp with or without fround adjuvant (fa) at 16-17°c.antibody titration, lyso...

Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a persistent infection and chronic inflammation of the gut in ruminants leading to bacterial shedding in feces in many infected animals. Although there are often strong MAP-specific immune responses in infected animals, immunological correlates of protection against progression to disease remain poorly defined. Analysis of cross-sectional d...

conclusion mature biofilms were found to be much more resistant to antifungal agents and the host immune system than free cells. the factors responsible for high resistance included the complex architecture of biofilms, ecm, increased expression of drug efflux pumps, and metabolic plasticity. objectives the present work investigated certain aspects of the resistance of c. albicans biofilms to d...

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Both humoral and cellular immunity are important in the host defence against intracellular bacteria. Little is known about the immune response to C. burnetii infections in domestic ruminants even though these species are the major source of Q fever in humans. To investigate the goat's immune response we inoculated gr...

The effects of the human and bovine LSF (derived from sera) as well as their purified fractions were studied on murine lymphocytes reactions indicated by blast transformation (BT) assay, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and IgG synthesis. The results indicated that bovine lipid suppressor factor (LSF) has significant immunosuppressive activity on lymphocytes proliferation both in BT and MLC ...

This chapter is not a comprehensive review of immunology but rather a condensed version of those aspects of immunology that have particular relevance to clinical immunology. Refer to the Bibliography for a more extensive discussion of the role of each component. It is generally believed that the immune system evolved as the host’s defense against infectious agents, and it is well known that pat...

The AIDS epidemic in the Developing World represents a major global crisis. It is imperative that we develop an effective vaccine. Vaccines are economically the most efficient means of controlling viral infections. However, the development of a vaccine against HIV-1 has been a formidable task, and in developing countries chronic parasitic infection adds another level of complexity to AIDS vacci...