Crowd simulation is used in evacuation and crowd safety inspections the study of performance systems animations. Cellular automata are extensively utilized modeling. In regular cellular models, each pedestrian occupies a single cell with size body. The movements pedestrians resemble those chess pieces on chessboard because space divided into relatively large cells. Furthermore, all feature same...

A key issue in the design of a cellular manufacturing system is the formation of the machines and parts into groups or production cells. The production cells are designed to minimize the costs of inter-cell part movements and intra-cell processing, while balancing the workload within each cell. Most of the prior research represents the cell formation problem as a binary machine-part incidence m...

The egg contains a set of molecules that can be used to trigger cell-shape changes leading to morphogenetic movements. The temporally and spatially controlled activation of these molecules, and hence the choreography of gastrulation movements, is determined by region-specific expression of transcription factors which turn on a set of downstream targets whose products mediate the successive step...

This paper presents a new, bi-criteria mixed-integer programming model for scheduling cells and pieces within each cell in manufacturing cellular system. The objective of this is to minimize the makespan inter-cell movements simultaneously, while considering sequence-dependent setup times. In CMS design planning, three main steps must be considered, namely formation (i.e., piece families machin...

In order to understand the developmental mechanisms of posterior body formation in the zebrafish, a fate map of the zebrafish tailbud was generated along with a detailed analysis of tailbud cell movements. The fate map of the zebrafish tailbud shows that it contains tissue-restricted domains and is not a homogeneous blastema. Furthermore, time-lapse analysis shows that some cell movements and b...

During vertebrate gastrulation, large cellular rearrangements lead to the formation of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Zebrafish offer many genetic and experimental advantages for studying vertebrate gastrulation movements. For instance, several mutants, including silberblick, knypek and trilobite, exhibit defects in morphogenesis during gastrulation. The identification ...