Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), a human retrovirus, has been etiologically associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and with a demyelinating neurologic disorder termed tropical spastic paraparesia (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM), and has raised concern that spread of this virus by blood transfusion may result in disease among recipients.’ HTLV-I is highly endemic in J...

UNLABELLED Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are highly related retroviruses that transform T cells in vitro but have distinct pathological outcomes in vivo. HTLV-1 encodes a protein from the antisense strand of its proviral genome, the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), which inhibits Tax-1-mediated viral transcription and promotes cell proliferation, a hig...

Background and Aims: Human lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes various diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraperesis (HAM / TSP) in humans. The main goal of this study is to compare Iranian protease subtypes structure of this virus (HTLV-1) to samples collected from other part of world in order to understand their diff...

We synthesized 46 sequential peptides 21 to 39 amino acids long over the structural protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I; the p19 and p24 gag protein and the gp46 and p20E env proteins) and tested their reactivities against antibodies in sera from HTLV-I healthy carriers and patients diagnosed as having human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) and myelopathy (HAM) by using an enzy...

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by poor prognosis after chemotherapy. Recent clinical trials have indicated, however, that allogeneic but not autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for ATL can yield better clinical outcomes. In the present study, we investigated cellular immune responses of ATL patients who ob...

The Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is the first retrovirus associated with a human cancer. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of an aggressive and fatal malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes known as Adult T-cell Leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Since the discovery of the virus in 1980, intensive investigations have been undertaken to determine how HTLV-1 drives the transformation process in infec...

Little is known about the requirements for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) entry, including the identity of the cellular receptor(s). Previous studies have shown that although the HTLV receptor(s) are widely expressed on cell lines of various cell types from different species, cell lines differ dramatically in their susceptibility to HTLV-Env-mediated fusion. Human cells (293, HeLa,...

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and an extracellular signaling molecule. The concentration of HMGB1 protein and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA were analyzed by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The present study reports high plasma HMGB1 levels in patients with adult T-cell leukemia [ATL; which is caused by infection wit...

the study of tumor viruses paves the way for understanding the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis, including those involved in establishing infection and dissemination in the host tumor affecting immune-compromised patients. the processes ranging from viral infection to progressing malignancy are slow and usually insufficient for establishment of transformed cells that develop cancer in only a mi...

Several studies have indicated that the genetic diversity of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a virus associated with adult T-cell leukemia, is significantly lower than that of other retroviruses, including that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To test whether HTLV-1 variation is lower than other retroviruses, a tractable vector system has been developed to measure re...