Peritonitis and the rare sequela of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) are serious problems in patients on peritoneal dialysis therapy. Chronic and persistent peritoneal injuries may be a risk factor of EPS. We previously reported that a chronic, proliferative peritonitis developed when zymosan was administered intraperitoneally following scraping injury of rat peritoneum (Mizuno M, Ito Y...

BACKGROUND Following the amputation of a limb, newts and salamanders have the capability to regenerate the lost tissues via a complex process that takes place at the site of injury. Initially these cells undergo dedifferentiation to a state competent to regenerate the missing limb structures. Crucially, dedifferentiated cells have memory of their level of origin along the proximodistal (PD) axi...

Over 100 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are encoded in the mammalian genome. It is not well understood how these targeted and translocated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we reveal that many GPI-APs, such as CD59, CD55, CD109, utilize human SND2 (hSND2)-dependent ER targeting machinery. We also found signal recognition particle receptors seem cooperate with hSND2 ...

Neutrophil surface molecules function in part as biological sensors. Surface antigens undergo several changes during neutrophilic maturation to accommodate the cell's function. Surface antigens may appear with neutrophilic maturation, such as CD16b, CD35, and CD10; disappear with maturation, such as CD49d and CD64; be maintained during maturation, such as CD32, CD59, and CD82; or disappear with...

The endocytic itineraries of lipid raft markers, such as glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and glycosphingolipids, are incompletely understood. Here we show that different GPI-anchored proteins have different intracellular distributions; some (such as the folate receptor) accumulate in transferrin-containing compartments, others (such as CD59 and GPI-linked green fluorescent...

We have shown that membrane attack complex (MAC) formation via the activation of the alternative pathway plays a central role in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study was undertaken to understand the role of a complement regulatory protein, CD59, which controls MAC assembly and function, in this model. CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 and Cd59a(-/-...

Sphingolipid microdomains are thought to result from the organization of plasma membrane sphingolipids and cholesterol into a liquid ordered phase, wherein the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are enriched. These domains, resistant to extraction by cold Triton X-100, can be isolated as buoyant membrane complexes (detergent-resistant membranes) in isopycnic density gradients....

Vascular endothelium is continuously exposed to complement-mediated challenge, and this is enhanced during inflammation. Although the complement-regulatory proteins decay-accelerating factor (DAF), CD59, and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) protect endothelial cells (ECs) against complement-mediated injury, the control of their expression and relative contributions to vascular protection is uncl...

CD59 is a complement regulatory protein that inhibits membrane attack complex formation. A soluble form of CD59 (sCD59) is present in various body fluids and is associated with cellular damage after acute myocardial infarction. Lung transplantation (LTx) is the final treatment for end-stage lung diseases, however overall survival is hampered by chronic lung allograft dysfunction development, wh...

Many pathogenic enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, escape complement-mediated virolysis by incorporating host cell regulators of complement activation into their own viral envelope. The presence of complement regulators including CD59 on the external surface of the viral envelope confers resistance to complement-mediated virolysis, which may explain why human pathogenic viruses such as HIV-1 a...