The roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in generating intra-tumoral diversity within each specific breast cancer subtype are far from being fully elucidated. In this study, we exposed Luminal-A breast cancer cells in culture to combined "TME Stimulation", representing three typical arms of the breast TME: hormonal (estrogen), inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α) and growth-promoting (ep...

CD44 is a widely distributed cell surface adhesion molecule and is implicated in diverse biological processes. However, the nature of intracellular signaling triggered by CD44 remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that CD44 undergoes sequential proteolytic cleavage in the ectodomain and intracellular domain, resulting in the release of a CD44 intracellular domain (ICD) fragment. Consequently,...

CD44 is a ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein that displays many variant isoforms (CD44v) generated by alternative splicing of exons 2v to 10v. The expression of variant isoforms is highly restricted and correlated with specific processes, such as leukocyte activation and malignant transformation. We have herein studied CD44v expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and, for comparison, in n...

The in vivo administration of certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the adhesion receptor, CD44, into normal mice induces both a modulation of CD44 from the surface of peripheral lymphocytes, and a concomitant increase in the amount of soluble CD44 in the serum. CD44-negative lymphocytes isolated from anti-CD44-treated mice exhibit normal homing patterns upon adoptive transfer, and are c...

A monoclonal antibody, AF3, was previously shown to specifically inhibit poliovirus binding to HeLa cells and to detect a 100-kDa glycoprotein only in cell lines and tissues permissive for poliovirus infection. These results suggested that the 100-kDa protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis and the cellular function of the poliovirus receptor site. To study further the role...

The pharynx is the primary reservoir for strains of group A STREPTOCOCCUS: (GAS) associated both with pharyngitis (streptococcal sore throat) and with invasive or "flesh-eating" soft tissue infections. We now report that CD44, a hyaluronic acid-binding protein that mediates human cell-cell- and cell-extracellular matrix-binding interactions, functions as a receptor for GAS colonization of the p...

Throughout development, hematopoietic stem cells migrate to specific microenvironments, where their fate is, in part, extrinsically controlled. CD44 standard as a member of the cell adhesion molecule family is extensively expressed within adult bone marrow and has been previously reported to play important roles in adult hematopoietic regulation via CD44 standard-ligand interactions. In this ma...

BACKGROUND To investigate the expression of MMP-14 and CD44 as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-like changes in ovarian cancer and to determine correlations with clinical outcome. METHODS In 97 patients with ovarian cancer, MMP-14 and CD44 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry was investigated in relation to EMT-like changes. To determine this, immunohistochemical ...

BACKGROUND CD44 is a molecular marker associated with cancer stem cell populations and treatment resistance in glioma. More effective therapies will result from approaches aimed at targeting glioma cells high in CD44. METHODS Glioma-initiating cell lines were derived from fresh surgical glioblastoma samples. Expression of tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was attenuated through lentivirus-medi...

Purpose: Gastric cancers may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including chemotherapy resistance, and CD44 is a gastric CSC marker. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. Here, we examine the role of HH signaling in CD44(þ) gastric cancer cells. Experimental Design: Gastric cancer cell lines, tu...