In the Asemi-gawa area of intermediate high-pressure and low-temperature Sanbagawa metamorphic belt in central Shikoku, Japan, piemontite-quartz schists are common in which cation exchange between piemontite and garnet has been studied. Piemontite in contact with garnet usually contains two zones in which core is enriched in Mn3+ and surrounded by a rim rich in Fe3+. Garnet is Ca-Fe-bearing spe...

Membrane potential and permselectivity are critical parameters for a variety of electrochemically-driven separation and energy technologies. An electric potential is developed when a membrane separates electrolyte solutions of different concentrations, and a permselective membrane allows specific species to be transported while restricting the passage of other species. Ion exchange membranes ar...

Minimal liquid discharge (MLD) in greenhouses minimizes the volume of discharged wastewater, thereby increasing effluent that may be reused. Sodium accumulation wastewater is often considered main bottleneck to achieving 100% reuse. Consequently, have begun adopting reverse osmosis (RO), most commonly used desalination technology for treatment. RO removes ions from indiscriminately, including m...

the reported work is on the preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol -g- polyacrylic acid (pva-g-paa)/ polybenzimidazole sulfone (pbis) cation exchange membrane used for the electro dialysis of sodium chloride solution. the polymer syrup has been prepared using the grafting method with the help of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid in the presence of water solvent. the polymer ...

-The conditions under which an exchanger phase will behave as an ideal mixture are established from thermodynamic principles. It is shown that, if a stoichiometric cation-exchange reaction is reversible, the exchanger phase will exhibit ideal behavior if the Vanselow selectivity coefficient is independent of the exchanger composition. This criterion is applied to some recently published data fo...

Polymeric filtration membranes could be a cost-effective alternative to cation exchange (CEMs) in electrolysis with contained anolyte and saltwater catholyte because they size selectively hinder salt ion transport between compartments while facilitating proton hydroxide transport. Optimizing membrane performance requires better understanding of properties that impact electrical resistances rete...