BACKGROUND Significant progress of nanotechnology, including in particular biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, has resulted in a high number of studies describing the biological effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, a determination of so-called "critical quality attributes", that is specific physicochemical properties of nanomaterials triggering the observed biological response, has been ...

Industrial concentration and industrial agglomeration are both hot phenomena in industrial development. The former focuses on the scale of individual enterprises. And the latter cares about the scale of specific industry in a named place. Researches on the two respective topics are numerous. However, researches on the relations between them are seldom seen from the beginning researches of most ...

Examining the impacts of develpment on one side of a city's border or the other in a cross-sectional data set is important for real estate investments. Proximity to more densely developed urban centers can lead to higher prices per square foot because of agglomeration economies. An important consideration is the identi cation strategy in the research design. While a study focusing on sales pric...

Despite wide recognition of their significant role in explaining sustained growth and economic development, uncompensated knowledge spillovers have not yet been fully modeled with a microeconomic foundation. The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the exchange of knowledge as well as its consequences on agglomerative activity in a general-equilibrium search-theoretic framework. Agents, ...

An important characteristic of the economic development in Europe and North America during the last few decades is a fast expansion of the business-service sector. The present paper aims at modeling the location dynamics of three categories of firms: (i) knowledge-intensive business-service firms, (ii) ordinary business-service firms and other firms, where the latter form the rest of the econom...

An underlying assumption in the executive compensation literature is that there is a national labor market for CEOs. The urban economics literature, however, documents higher ability among workers in large metropolitans, which results in a real and stable urban wage premium. In this paper, we investigate the link between the spatial clustering of firms in big, central cities (i.e., urban agglom...

abstract in order to study the effects of salinity and silicon application on biomass of leaves and root of purslane (portulaca oleracea l.), a greenhouse experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of ferdowsi university of mashhad using completely randomized desgin with three replications. employed two factors consisted of three levels of salinity using nacl (0.6, 11, 22 ds/m) and two lev...

ion Concretion Association Disassociation Similization Dissimilization Selection Generation Agglomeration Decomposition Characterization Discrimination DEDUCTION INDUCTION Transmutation Inference Type