BACKGROUND Catastrophic head injuries in football are rare but tragic events. PURPOSE To update the profile of catastrophic head injuries in high school and college football players and to describe relevant risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS We reviewed 94 incidents of severe football head injuries reported to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports ...

We introduce a copula approach to model dependencies between risks and show how this could be used to avoid underestimation of extreme events in large-scale risk assessments. We apply the approach within an extensive agent based model to determine the macroeconomic consequences due to catastrophic events. The agent based approach is capable of modelling an entire national economy with all secto...

Climate change potentially amplifies catastrophe risks by raising the magnitude and frequency of certain extreme events in the long term. Its crucial feature is irreversibility. The availability and affordability of insurance will also be diminished in the presence of climate change. Weather losses can be mitigated by actions of the policyholder; however, the private returns from many mitigatio...

Timely detection and response to catastrophic events during the launch and ascent phase of the Ares I launch system is of paramount importance to crew safety. This requires an abort system capable of detecting and confirming conditions that may lead to catastrophic failure, notifying the crew of the problem, and responding in time to allow the crew to escape safely. The Ares I Abort Failure Det...

A cognitive model of panic is described. Within this model panic attacks arc said to result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of certain bodily sensations. The sensations which are misinterpreted are mainly those involved in normal anxiety responses (e.g. palpitations, breathlessness. dizziness etc.) but also include some other sensations. The catastrophic misinterpretation involves perce...

We investigate how a catastrophic event (modeled as a temporary fall of the reproduction rate) increases the extinction probability of an isolated self-regulated stochastic population. Using a variant of the Verhulst logistic model as an example, we combine the probability generating function technique with an eikonal approximation to evaluate the exponentially large increase in the extinction ...

Complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) consisting of two or more breakpoint junctions have been observed in genomic disorders. Recently, a chromosome catastrophe phenomenon termed chromothripsis, in which numerous genomic rearrangements are apparently acquired in one single catastrophic event, was described in multiple cancers. Here, we show that constitutionally acquired CGRs share similarities...

The Disaster Deficit Index (DDI) measures macroeconomic and financial risk in a country according to possible catastrophic scenario events. Extreme disasters can generate financial deficit due to sudden and elevated need of resources to restore affected inventories. The DDI captures the relationship between the economic loss that a country could experience when a catastrophic event occurs and t...