Several members of the CLC family are secondary active anion/proton exchangers, and not passive chloride channels. Among the exchangers, the endosomal ClC-5 protein that is mutated in Dent's disease shows an extreme outward rectification that precludes a precise determination of its transport stoichiometry from measurements of the reversal potential. We developed a novel imaging method to deter...

The pH 5.1 supernatant fraction of pig liver homogenate stimulated the transfer of [32P]phosphatidylcholine and [32P]phosphatidylinositol from donor liposomes to acceptor liposomes. Purification of the proteins which catalyzed the exchanges yielded five partially purified preparations. A phospholipid exchange protein was purified 63-fold in one of the preparations and the protein was found to b...

We report the first enantioselective Rh-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of unactivated terminal alkenes. Using a novel sp2-sp3 hybridized diboron reagent and water as a proton source, a broad range of alkenes undergo hydroboration to provide secondary boronic esters with high regio- and enantiocontrol.

Pulsed Fourier transform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the glutamatealanine transaminase-catalyzed incorporation of deuterium from solvent deuterium oxide into the cy and p positions of L-alanine. It was found that the /3 proton resonance signal initially disappears slightly faster than the signal due to the LY proton, but whereas the o( proton signal decays exponenti...

One of the most important Fuel cells (FCs) is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The outputvoltage of this FC depends on current loads. This paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofPEMFC, during load variations. The output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. Toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. Here, the Lead-Lag contr...

Time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy can provide a valuable insight into the molecular reaction mechanisms of proteins, especially membrane proteins. Isotopic labeling and site-directed mutagenesis allows an unequivocal assignment of IR absorption bands. Studies are presented which give insight into the proton pump mechanisms of proteins, especially bacteriorhodopsin. H-bonded network pro...

Aminoindanol-derived thioureas catalyze proton transfer and do not stabilise anions in an asymmetric conjugate addition to pyrazole crotonate. Calculations show that the urea H-bonds play different roles in the preferred transition state and in the one leading to the minor enantiomer in the mechanism of hydroxy-thiourea catalyzed conjugate additions to pyrazole crotonates.