Pre-treatment is normally required to reduce or control the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water treatment process. Current pre-treatment methods, such as coagulation, are only partially effective to prevent long-term fouling. Since biological activities are a major contributor to accumulated fouling, the application of an oxidation/disinfection step can be an effective c...

The qualitative and quantitative aspects of marine biological fouling and environmental factors influencing its character are discussed. The authors examine present "state of the art" antifouling techniques and the theoretical chemical and biological tenets upon which they are based. Effectiveness of presently used systems is compared and future needs for fouling prevention, projecting present ...

The slagging and fouling characteristics of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for ferrosilicon electric furnaces are discussed in this paper. Three ash samples were taken from the HRSG of a ferrosilicon furnace in Ningxia Province, China, which suffered from serious slagging and fouling. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were ...

Fouling by natural organic matter like humic substances is one of the major factors limiting the application of microporous membranes for water production. The charge of the pore surface of membrane, which can be characterized by the streaming potential(SP) measurement as the apparent zeta potential ζ obs, has a large effect on its fouling performance. However the relationship between the fouli...

Membrane fouling control is of paramount importance for sustainable operation of membranebased drinking water treatment processes. Natural organic matter (NOM) is considered as the major membrane foulant and therefore its characterization is important for implementing fouling control strategies. This study proposes a fluorescence-based modeling approach for estimating and predicting the fouling...

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) can produce high-quality effluents through effective solid-liquid separation using microfiltration. During the operation of the membrane bioreactor system, membrane fouling is one of the main problems. Several models have been proposed to understand the mechanisms of fouling of the membrane. Usually, cake formation and pore blocking are found to be the main...

Industrial wastewater treatment from cattle slaughterhouses traditionally use dissolved air floatation (DAF) to remove the high organic content of fat, oil and grease (FOG) from wastewaters and recover them for producing other products, including tallow, gelatine and food additives. Dissolved air floatation presents several operating difficulties including the large size, high energy use and od...

the turbidity of sour orange juice after juice extraction affects on quality, shelf-life and concentration of juice. therefore, juice clarification is an important operation in the fruit processing industry. the goal of this study was evaluating the effect of membrane operation parameters including pressure (120-220 kpa) and temperature (25-35 ºc) on the permeate flux and hydraulic resistance o...

The accumulation of copper and zinc, the basic components of anti-fouling paints, was examined in cultured sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and sea bream Sparus aurata. Samplings were carried out at 4 eastern Mediterranean fish farms. Two of the farms used nets treated with anti-fouling paints, and 2 used untreated nets. At each farm samples of sediment and fish tissue (muscle, liver and gills) we...

The kinetic modeling of the hydrocracking a mixture polystyrene (PS) and vacuum gasoil (VGO) over PtPd/HY catalyst has been carried out. reactions have performed in batch reactor under following conditions: 380–420 °C; 80 bar; content PS feed, 10 wt%; catalyst/feed ratio, 0.1 mass; time, 30–300 min. Different reaction networks models studied, which evolution product distribution (unconverted PS...