Living space is a place of relaxation, and those with a sense of attachment to the environment are more satisfied with their living space. According to the literature, being in nature is very effective in creating positive emotions in people. In recent years, living in apartments has made people away from nature affecting their positive feelings about their living space. This study aimed to inv...

Based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. Despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. Since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open s...

As a member of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), Iran has a long-term space exploration program. Space radiation is one of the challenges facing humans when they go outside Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. Space is an environment that the cardinal principles of radiation protection i.e. time, distance and shielding cannot be effectively ...

This paper investigates the significance of T-duality in string theory: the indistinguishability with respect to all observables, of models attributing radically different radii to space – larger than the observable universe, or far smaller than the Planck length, say. Two interpretational branch points are identified and discussed. First, whether duals are physically equivalent or not: by cons...

in this paper, we introduce the concepts of $2$-isometry, collinearity, $2$%-lipschitz mapping in $2$-fuzzy $2$-normed linear spaces. also, we give anew generalization of the mazur-ulam theorem when $x$ is a $2$-fuzzy $2$%-normed linear space or $im (x)$ is a fuzzy $2$-normed linear space, thatis, the mazur-ulam theorem holds, when the $2$-isometry mapped to a $2$%-fuzzy $2$-normed linear space...

the notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  probabilistic metric space was  introduced by karl menger. alsina, schweizer and sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of menger [1]. in this note we study the pn spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

The notion of a bead metric space is defined as a nice generalization of the uniformly convex normed space such as $CAT(0)$ space, where the curvature is bounded from above by zero. In fact, the bead spaces themselves can be considered in particular as natural extensions of convex sets in uniformly convex spaces and normed bead spaces are identical with uniformly convex spaces. In this paper, w...

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce several concepts of the metric-like spaces. For instance, we define concepts such as equal-like points, cluster points and completely separate points. Furthermore, this paper is an attempt to present compatibility definitions for the distance between a point and a subset of a metric-like space and also for the distance between two subsets of a metr...