The literature on the Japanese Horizontal Keiretsu, or Main Bank System, is divided on the real effects of bank dependence on firm performance. This paper presents evidence on this issue for the 1980’s and 1990’s using a large sample of Japanese manufacturing firms. Using the eligibility criteria for domestic bond issues that were in place in the 1980’s as a firm sorting criteria, I find that i...

This paper proposes a dynamic risk-based model that captures the high expected returns on value stocks relative to growth stocks, and the failure of the capital asset pricing model to explain these expected returns. To model the difference between value and growth stocks, we introduce a cross-section of long-lived firms distinguished by the timing of their cash flows. Firms with cash flows weig...

Controversy about the fairness of early transitions from traditional definedbenefit plans to cash-balance plans may have over-shadowed the subtleties of funding a cash-balance pension liability. Because crediting rates of cashbalance liabilities float with market rates, the same techniques used to value and hedge floating-rate bonds provide the present-value cost and effective duration of a cas...

Credit-card issuers in the United States have begun to explore the idea of introducing electronic-cash products. Seven financial giants, including Wells Fargo, Chase Manhattan, and MasterCard, have agreed to market the Mondex electronic cash product in the United States.1 VISA is developing a separate product. These products consist of a plastic payment card and other accessories, and consumers...

Research Purpose. The purpose of research is analyzing the effect foreign institutional ownership on cash holding, based precautionary motive. Method. This uses quantitative methods, with single independent variables (foreign ownership). Cash holding (dependent variable) measured using formula logaritma and equivalents. Population used in study all non-financial companies listed Indonesia Stock...