background and purpose: studies have shown the advantages of e-cme programs. developing case-based e-cme activities, one of the popular formats of e-cme programs, is difficult and time consuming. in this article we describe our experience of performing instructional system design for creating case-based e-cme contents.  methods: we performed a five-step instructional system design (i.e. system ...

Thermal energy storage (TES) system has been introduced as a practical facility for shifting load from peak hours to off-peak hours. Because of different energy consumption during day and night, peak and off peak period is created on load curve. Ice storage technology which is a kind of TES system, is implemented in different points of the world with the purpose of solving load shifting problem...

The goal of this work is to present some theoretical results which can be used for increasing fault sensitivity of a detection scheme, without sacrificing robustness. Robustness against modeling uncertainties and fault sensitivity are two contradicting demands, and typically, one is achieved at the expense of the other. The main reason for this trade-off is the use of a worst case scenario boun...

A modern approach to engineering correct-by-construction systems is to synthesize them automatically from formal specifications. Oftentimes, a system can only satisfy its guarantees if certain environment assumptions hold, which motivates their inclusion in the system specification. Experience with modern synthesis approaches shows that synthesized systems tend to satisfy their specifications b...

Most planners constructed up to now are qualitative: they deal with uncertainty by considering all possible outcomes of each plan, without quantifying their relative likelihood. They then choose a plan that deals with the worst-case scenario. However, it is clearly infeasible to plan for every possible contingency. Even beyond the purely computational considerations, planning for highly unlikel...

We present an approach for Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis of embedded system software that is generated from Petri net specifications. The main characteristic of the approach is that standard Petri net analysis methods are utilized in order to automatically derive additional flow information for WCET analysis. Furthermore, the approach presented in this paper clearly separates the an...

Triangulated surfaces are often used to represent terrains in Geographic Information Systems (GIS); one of the primary computations on terrains is determining drainage networks. Under natural deenitions of the ow of water on a terrain represented by n triangles, we show that the river network has (n 3) worst-case complexity, where complexity is measured in the number of line segments that make ...