نتایج جستجو برای: case finding
تعداد نتایج: 1570650 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
PROBLEM In 2010, Haiti sustained a devastating earthquake that crippled the health-care infrastructure in the capital city, Port-au-Prince, and left 1.5 million people homeless. Subsequently, there was an increase in reported tuberculosis in the affected population. APPROACH We conducted active tuberculosis case finding in a camp for internally displaced persons and a nearby slum. Community h...
In September 2010, two cases of autochthonous dengue fever were diagnosed in metropolitan France for the first time. The cases occurring in Nice, southeast France, where Aedes albopictus is established, are evidence of dengue virus circulation in this area. This local transmission of dengue calls for further enhanced surveillance, active case finding and vector control measures to reduce the sp...
This paper addresses the problem of reducing CO2 emissions by applying convex optimal power flow model to the combined economic and emission dispatch problem. The large amount of CO2 emissions in the power industry is a major source of global warming effect. An efficient and economic approach to reduce CO2 emissions is to formulate the emission reduction problem as emission dispatch problem and...
BACKGROUND The aim was to explore individual and system factors facilitating or hampering pragmatic case finding, an identification strategy based on clinical signs and targeted screening. STUDY DESIGN Two focus groups with general practitioners were interviewed twice, in the context of a four-session seminar on alcohol and complex drug problems, and an additional focus group interview with g...
BACKGROUND Case detection and treatment are critical to malaria control and elimination as infected individuals who do not seek medical care can serve as persistent reservoirs for transmission. METHODS Household malaria surveys were conducted in two study areas within Southern Province, Zambia in 2007 and 2008. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted approximately five times throughout the yea...
In 2011, the Irish Medicines Board received reports of onset of narcolepsy following vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with Pandemrix. A national steering committee was convened to examine the association between narcolepsy and pandemic vaccination. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study. Narcolepsy cases with onset from 1 April 2009 to 31 December 2010 were identif...
SETTING Thyolo district, rural Malawi. OBJECTIVES To compare passive with active case finding among household contacts of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients for 1) TB case detection and 2) the proportion of child contacts aged under 6 years who are placed on isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Passive and active case finding was condu...
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer worldwide, with approximately 1.8 million deaths in 2015. While effective treatment exists, implementation of active case finding (ACF) methods to identify persons with active TB in a timely and cost-effective manner continues to be a major challenge in resource-constrained settings. Limited qualitative work has been conducted to gai...
BACKGROUND Prisons are recognised internationally as institutions with very high tuberculosis (TB) burdens where transmission is predominantly determined by contact between infectious and susceptible prisoners. A recent South African court case described the conditions under which prisoners awaiting trial were kept. With the use of these data, a mathematical model was developed to explore the i...
This paper describes the effectiveness of first-line regimens for stage 2 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in nine Médecins Sans Frontières HAT treatment programmes in Angola, Republic of Congo, Sudan and Uganda. Regimens included eflornithine and standard- and short-course melarsoprol. Outcomes for 10461 naïve stage 2 patients fitting a standard...
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