We study the processes of heterodiffusion admixtures in case their cascade decay a body with two ways migration accompanied by mass exchange between states. For unbranched decay, we formulate coupled cascade-type initial-boundary-value problems which solutions problem for certain stage play role sources next stage. The are constructed using an iterative procedure help Green functions. obtain ex...

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyses the initial, rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis and is therefore responsible for replenishing the stocks of adrenalin and noradrenalin in the adrenal medulla which are depleted following release of these hormones into the circulation. TH is activated in vitro and in vivo by phosphorylation and various kinases have been shown to phosphorylate fou...

Current in vitro models of the leukocyte adhesion cascade cannot be used for real-time studies of the entire leukocyte adhesion cascade, including rolling, adhesion, and migration in a single assay. In this study, we have developed and validated a novel bioinspired microfluidic assay (bMFA) and used it to test the hypothesis that blocking of specific steps in the adhesion/migration cascade sign...

Eukaryotic cells use signal-transduction network to respond in specific ways to external signals from their environment. Several signal-transduction pathway are composed of multi-step chemical reactions. We here theoretically study what determines the number of kinase phosphorylation steps composing of the intracellular signal-transduction cascade. We examine a simple mathematical model for the...

Context. In gamma-ray binaries such as LS 5039 a large number of electron-positron pairs are created by the annihilation of primary very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays with photons from the massive star. The radiation from these particles contributes to the total high energy gamma-ray flux and can initiate a cascade, decreasing the effective gamma-ray opacity in the system. Aims. The aim of this ...

We study quasisteady inverse cascades in unbounded and bounded two-dimensional turbulence driven by time-independent injection and dissipated by molecular viscosity. It is shown that an inverse cascade that carries only a fraction r of the energy input to the largest scales requires the enstrophy-range energy spectrum to be steeper than k(-5) (ruling out a direct cascade) unless 1-r<<1. A direc...

background: modulation of the immune response is an important strategy by which establish­ment and growth of hydatid cyst in the internal organs of human is warranted. induction of apop­tosis in the lymphocytes might be a considerable component. this study was designed to evaluate apoptotic impact of hydatid fluid (hf) on human lymphocytes. methods: human lymphocytes were treated with hydatid f...

in order to compare sampling efficiencies of total and inhalable dust methods, three airborne dust sampling systems , 7-hole sampler , close and open face filter cassette were compared side-by-side , as stationary and for the personal samplers , in a wood working industry to evaluate their relative efficiency. a total of 162 samples were collected. the study of particle size distribution by cas...