Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) participate in signal transduction cascades that can directly activate and sensitize nociceptors and enhance pain transmission. They also play essential roles in chemotaxis and immune cell infiltration leading to inflammation. We wished to determine which PI3K isoforms were involved in each of these processes. Lightly anesthetized rats (isoflurane) were inject...

s | 45 Methods: Gabapentin 10, 30mg/kg; diclofenac 5mg/kg(reference drug), vehicle(saline) were injected intraperitoneally before 100μl of 1% carrageenan administration into the right hind paws of the rats. Paw thickness was measured by a gauge calipers(Vernier Calipers) before (0th hour) and in every hour during 6 hours after induction of inflammation. Paw thickness of treated groups were comp...

s | 45 Methods: Gabapentin 10, 30mg/kg; diclofenac 5mg/kg(reference drug), vehicle(saline) were injected intraperitoneally before 100μl of 1% carrageenan administration into the right hind paws of the rats. Paw thickness was measured by a gauge calipers(Vernier Calipers) before (0th hour) and in every hour during 6 hours after induction of inflammation. Paw thickness of treated groups were comp...

s | 45 Methods: Gabapentin 10, 30mg/kg; diclofenac 5mg/kg(reference drug), vehicle(saline) were injected intraperitoneally before 100μl of 1% carrageenan administration into the right hind paws of the rats. Paw thickness was measured by a gauge calipers(Vernier Calipers) before (0th hour) and in every hour during 6 hours after induction of inflammation. Paw thickness of treated groups were comp...

The present study was performed to explore the effect of subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the rat plantar region on hindpaw edema formation and the latency of hindpaw withdrawal to presumed nociceptive stimulation. Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the left hindpaw induced a significant increase in the volume of the left hindpaw, leaving the right side unaffected. In addition...

In this study, we examined the effect of lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain on the functional and structural properties of the rat blood-brain barrier (BBB) over a 72-h time period. Systemic inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of 3% lambda-carrageenan into the right hind paw of female Sprague-Dawley rats. In situ brain perfusion and Western blot analyses were perform...

conclusions the present data confirmed systemic and topical anti-inflammatory effects of stachys pilifera which is comparable to indomethacin. results acute toxicity study of the extract showed that no rats were killed at 5000 mg/kg (ld50 > 5000 mg/kg). the extract (100 and 200  mg/ kg) significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema 1, 2, 3, and 4  hours after carrageenan challenge in c...

Nitrogranulogen (NTG) may modify the character of inflammatory reactions. These modifications are a result of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. NTG has high affinity to DNA and causes disorders in the synthesis of acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and complement protein C3). Our previous studies have shown that small doses of NTG can enhance immunological defense ...

INTRODUCTION: Activins, which belong to the Transforming Growth Factor-beta/ Bone Morphogenetic Protein (TGF/BMP) superfamily, are circulating cytokines involved in the process of inflammation of various tissues [1]. Follistatin is an endogeneous extracellular inhibitor for activins which binds and interfere the interaction between activins and their receptors. Jones et al showed that administ...