OBJECTIVE To elucidate the physiologic mechanism responsible for the supraphysiologic gonadotropin release from the pituitary induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in female rats primed with GnRH antagonist. DESIGN Controlled experimental intervention. SETTING Government research facility. ANIMAL(S) Forty 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION(S) Forty oophorect...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide widely known for its role in regulating reproduction by serving as a signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. In addition to hypothalamic GnRH (GnRH-I), a second GnRH form (pGln-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly; GnRH-II) with unknown function has been localized to the midbrain of many vertebrates. We show here that a gene ...

Many researches on the change and protective effects of estrogen and its receptor in hippocampus with ischemia-reperfusion injury have been done in recent years; the study on the change of GnRH and its receptor in hippocampus with ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been seen yet. This study used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization method, together with an image analysis system to ob...

GnRH is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide, of which there are multiple structural variants; the function of the most widespread variant, GnRH-II, remains undefined. GnRH-II may affect reproductive behavior; GnRH-II administration to female musk shrews reinstates mating behavior previously inhibited by food restriction. To determine whether this action of GnRH-II is universal, we conducte...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a neuropeptide released from a small population of neurons in the hypothalamus, is the central mediator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and is required for normal reproductive development and function. Evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements in the mouse, rat, and human Gnrh1 gene include three enhancers and the proximal promoter, which co...

A widespread grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) has been known in China since 1983. A virulent reovirus strain, HZ08, was isolated from diseased grass carp in Zhejiang Province, China. We sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of strain HZ08 and compared it with published GCRV genome sequences, contributing to the evidence of several genotypes of GCRV...

Increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) activity drives the chronic hyperphagia of lactation and may contribute to the suppression of GnRH activity. The majority of GnRH neurons are contacted by NPY fibers, and GnRH cells express NPY Y5 receptor (Y5R). Therefore, NPY provides a neurocircuitry for information about food intake/energy balance to be directly transmitted to GnRH neurons. To investigate the ...

GnRH antagonists are safer than agonists: an update of a Cochrane review Background GnRH agonists or antagonists can be used to prevent LH surges during ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction. GnRH agonists downregulate GnRH pituitary receptors. GnRH antagonists directly and rapidly inhibit gonadotrophin release. In a 2006 systematic review involving 29 trials, the average clinical pregn...

Glucose regulates energy homeostasis and reproductive function within the hypothalamus. The underlying mechanisms responsible for glucose regulation of GnRH gene transcription were investigated using a novel murine immortalized, adult-derived hypothalamic cell line, mHypoA-GnRH/GFP. Analysis of GnRH mRNA synthesis and secretion following agonist treatment demonstrated that the mHypoA-GnRH/GFP c...

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies are rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated autoantibodies. Besides their presence in human serum, anti-CarP antibodies have also been described in rodent models of arthritis, while ACPA are not consistently detectable. Data on these RA-associated autoantibodies in p...