The details of doing a Monte Carlo direct lighting calculation are presented. For direct lighting from multiple luminaires, a method of sending one shadow ray per viewing ray is presented, and it is argued that this is preferable for scenes with many luminaires. Some issues of the design of probability densities on unions of luminaire surfaces are discussed.

We present a Monte Carlo analysis in terms of neutrino oscillations of the total rates measured in solar neutrino experiments in the framework of frequentist statistics. We show that the goodness of fit and the confidence level of the allowed regions in the space of the neutrino oscillation parameters are significantly overestimated in the standard method. We also present a calculation of exact...

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In direct marketing, customers are usually asked to take a specific action, and their responses are recorded over time and stored in a database. Based on the response data, we can estimate the number of customers who will ultimately respond, the number of responses anticipated to receive by a certain period of time, and the like. The goal of this article is to derive and propose several estimat...

Consider a network of unreliable links, modelling for example a communication network. Estimating the reliability of the network – expressed as the probability that certain nodes in the network are connected – is a computationally difficult task. In this paper we study how the Cross-Entropy method can be used to obtain more efficient network reliability estimation procedures. Three techniques o...