Genetic studies in humans and rodent models should help to identify altered genes important in the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. Despite the considerable research effort, it is still difficult to identify all of the genes involved in altered blood pressure regulation thereby leading to essential hypertension. We should keep in mind that genetic hypertension and o...

The understanding of the basis of gender differences in vascular function is of critical importance to establish gender targeted interventions in cardiovascular medicine. In this review we concentrate on the central role of the endothelium in respect to gender differences in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The role of estrogen and its receptors is introduced not only as key playe...

OBJECTIVE Secondary prevention programs such as cardiovascular rehabilitation significantly decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease, yet are under-used. The most successful strategy to promote cardiovascular rehabilitation utilization is systematic referral with a patient-provider discussion. This study investigated: (i) the elements of patient-provider discussions related to patient card...

1. Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery of the Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery, Physician Assistant, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Institute of the Medical School Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo , SP, Brazil. 2. Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery of the Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery, Director of Pe...

Air pollution is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the epidemiologic association between air pollution exposures and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well established, the mechanisms by which these exposures promote CVD are incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of the components of air pollution, an overview of t...

Shift work and overtime have been implicated as important work-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many firefighters who contractually work on a 24-hr work schedule, often do overtime (additional 24-hr shifts) which can result in working multiple, consecutive 24-hr shifts. Very little research has been conducted on firefighters at work that examines the impact of performing c...

h r fi c l t m d w e u d e s e p f cholarship to guide practice and policies to enhance the ealth of patients and populations are in great demand. osts of health care continue to escalate, and questions bout the effectiveness and value of strategies to prevent and reat cardiovascular disease are growing in volume. In that ontext, this review highlights important investigations in utcomes resear...

T he number of adults recognized with congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased dramatically over the past five decades because of significant advances in diagnosis and medical and surgical care. At the moment, the population of adults with CHD (ACHD) in the United States is estimated at approximately one million (1). For the first time, the number of adults with congenital cardiovascular ma...

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequently occurring sex chromosomal aberration in males, with an incidence of about 1 in 500-700 newborns. Data acquired from large registry-based studies revealed an increase in mortality rates among KS patients when compared with mortality rates among the general population. Among all causes of death, metabolic, cardiovascular, and hemostatic complicatio...

c d p n the last three decades, the U.S. life expectancy has been rolonged by about one or two years each decade due to dvances in cardiovascular medicine. This improvement is he result of the development of better therapies rather than ardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Despite this imrovement, CVD continues to be the leading cause of death y far (Table 1), and its prevalence is increasin...