Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the etiological agent of black rot of crucifers, a disease of major economic importance which is a threat to the production of cruciferous crops in many areas of the world [1], During a recent investigation of this patho­ gen for the production of phytotoxic metabolites in liquid culture we observed the biotransformation of certain amino acid constituent...

Quantitative analysis of separated carboxylic acid fractions of 33 crude oils from the UK, Italy and California, showed that the carboxylic acid fraction is a major factor responsible for the acidity in these oils. It was apparent that biodegradation is the main process that produces high concentrations of carboxylic acids in these crude oils with the extent of biodegradation, as measured from ...

Degradation products formed during removal of an aqueous nonylphenol ethoxylate compound (NP-10) by the H2O2/UV-C, Fenton (Fe/H2O2) and photo-Fenton (Fe/H2O2/UV) advanced oxidation processes and their relationship with the acute toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri photobacteria were investigated. Polyethylene glycols with 3-8 ethoxy units, aldehydes and carboxylic acids were identified as the prima...

A porous phenolsulphonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR) was developed. The heterogeneous catalyst PAFR was applied to the esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols, affording the carboxylic acid esters in a yield of up to 95% where water was not removed from the reaction mixture. Surprisingly, the esterification in water as a solvent proceeded to afford the desired esters in high yield. P...

Methods must be developed to improve both the processability and physical properties of zein-based articles. Typical plasticizing gents that improve processability have a negative impact on physical properties at elevated humidities. Continued efforts must be mployed to discover improved plasticizers. Carboxylic acids having more than one carboxylic acid moiety have been evaluated in ein melt f...

An efficient and practical protocol for palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids with aryl chlorides has been developed. Note that the reaction could proceed smoothly without an additive in aqueous medium under an ambient atmosphere, and the addition of H2O could effectively promote the decarboxylative arylation. Particularly noteworthy is that ...

The reaction of carboxylic acids with Mitsunobu reagents, prepared by the reaction of triphenylphosphine with dialkyl azodicarboxylates, followed by heating at 180-190 °C under solvent-free conditions, afforded 3-alkyl-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones. This facile and convenient method readily provides the 1,3,4-oxadiazolone ring systems in good yields using a one-pot protocol starting from th...

A straightforward silver-mediated oxidative decarboxylative radical trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. This reaction operates under mild conditions and allows the synthesis of various valuable alkyltrifluoromethylthioethers from abundant alkyl carboxylic acids and convenient nucleophilic AgSCF3 reagent. It provides a practical and efficient approach fo...

Herein we report the deoxygenated fluorination of readily available carboxylic acids. A series acyl fluorides have been synthesized using shelf-stable N -trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent for first time.

Fermentation of renewable feedstocks by microbes to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals has the potential to replace petrochemical-based production. For example, carboxylic acids produced by microbial fermentation can be used to generate primary building blocks of industrial chemicals by either enzymatic or chemical catalysis. In order to achieve the titer, yield and productivity values req...