Metabolic Engineering has enabled the production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals from biomass using recombinant bacteria. The economic viability of these processes is often limited by inhibition of the biocatalyst by the metabolic product, such as a carboxylic acid or alcohol, or by contaminant compounds in the biomass-derived sugars, such as acetic acid or furans. Historically, selection-b...

Ices at ∼15 K consisting of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon coronene (C24H12) condensed either with H2O, CO2, or CO in the ratio of 1 : 100 or greater have been subjected to MeV proton bombardment from a Van de Graaff generator. The resulting reaction products have been examined by infrared transmissionreflection-transmission spectroscopy and by microprobe laser-desorption laser-ionization ...

The ability of the isolated Ringer-perfused frog liver, to concentrate dyestuffs in its secretion several hundred times, can be abolished entirely and reversibly by replacing in the Ringer solution about 1/8 of the NaCl by the isosmotic amount of a surface-inactive non-electrolyte (disaccharide, hexose, pentose, polyhydric alcohol, amino acid, acid amide) or electrolyte (salts of lower fatty ac...

A series of novel N-benzyl substituted amides of 1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The target compounds (6b-6e) displayed moderate potency to inhibit BuChE. One of the compounds tested, i.e., 1-benzylpiperidine amide of 1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (6a) was a weak, non-selective i...

The crystal structures of 7,7-dicyclobutyl-5-hydroxymethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid, C17H26O4, (I), and 1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-oxaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6,1'-cyclopentane]-5-carboxylic acid, C13H20O4, (II), determined at 170 K, show that the conformation of the hydroxymethyl group (anti or gauche) affects the dimensionality (one- or two-dimensional) of the supramolecular str...

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are an important component of many biological processes. For example, they can be used to create new medicines that useful in the fight against various diseases. Additionally, compounds containing a thiazole moiety may possess beneficial properties practical pharmacy. The incorporation this heterocyclic structure molecules positively impact several charact...

BACKGROUND N-Nitroso compounds are thought to play a significant role in the development of gastric cancer. Epidemiological data, however, are sparse in examining the associations between biomarkers of exposure to N-nitroso compounds and the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS A nested case-control study within a prospective cohort of 18,244 middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China, was condu...

A seemingly catalytically inactive electrode, boron-doped diamond (BDD), is found to be active for CO2 and CO reduction to formaldehyde and even methane. At very cathodic potentials, formic acid and methanol are formed as well. However, these products are the result of base-catalyzed Cannizzaro-type disproportionation reactions. A local alkaline environment near the electrode surface, caused by...

The inhibitory effects of hydrophobic molecules on the bacterial luciferase, BL, luminescence reaction were analyzed using an electrochemically-controlled BL luminescence system. The inhibition potency of alkyl amines, C(n)NH(2), and fatty acids, C(m)COOH (m = n - 1), on the BL reaction increased with an increase in the alkyl chain-length of these aliphatic compounds. C(m)COOH showed lower in...