The growth behavior of carbon nanotubes synthesized from C2H2 at the temperature range of 700 to 900°C and using thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) method has been investigated. Thin films of nickel (Ni) catalyst, were coated on SiO2 substrates by ion beam sputtering technique. The formation of catalytic nickel nanoparticles was much increased when using NH3 as the environment gas which i...

introduction: natural organic matters (noms) existing in water resources led to various problems such as formation of disinfectant by-products (dbps). humic matters like humic acid (ha) are component of noms that should be removed from water. advanced oxidation process (aops) is one of the noms removal methods. the aim of this study was to survey the degradation of humic acid by electron beam i...

A Li vapor cell has successfully converted a He ion beam to a He ion beam by double charge exchange reaction. Emittance of the He ion beam and that of the He beam were independently measured to study emittance growth during the passage of the charge exchange cell. Each component was seperated by electrostatic deection after passing through a beam shaping slit. The result had shown that the emi...

Hadron radiotherapy is a cutting-edge cancer treatment method. Proton and carbon ion beams are frequently used in modern therapeutic centers. The Bragg peak at the end of the particle range delivers a higher radiation dose to tumors situated close to critical organs. However, the accuracy of the dose deposition in the tumor volume depends on the irradiation method. The present paper presents a ...

We present results on laser-cooling of relativistic bunched C3 ion beams at the the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI, Darmstadt. With moderate bunching at a few volts, beams of triply charged carbon ions with a beam energy of 122 MeV per nucleon have been lasercooled to relative longitudinal momentum spreads of about 2 × 10−6 and below at beam currents of the order of several μA. By detuning th...

Supersonic ion beam formation has been observed in a geometrically expanding low-pressure inductively coupled argon plasma. It is found that the ion beam is only observed below 3 mTorr and only when the discharge is operated in inductive mode. The geometrical expansion of the plasma induces density and potential gradients leading to the ion beam formation. The ion beam energy increases with dec...

BACKGROUND Ion beam therapy represents a promising approach to treat prostate cancer, mainly due to its high conformity and radiobiological effectiveness. However, the presence of prostate motion, patient positioning and range uncertainties may deteriorate target dose and increase exposure of organs at risk. Spacer gel injected between prostate and rectum may increase the safety of prostate can...

In this work, we used the depth resolution function (DRF) of the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to deconvolve the boron depth profile of nanometer-thin embedded diamond layers. Thanks to an isotopic change within a thin layer, where carbon-12 (C) and carbon-13 (C) are substituted, the DRF was evaluated by a self-consistent algorithm. In a second step, this DRF was used to deconvolve the...

BACKGROUND It is expected that physical dose deposition properties render charged particle dose distributions sensitive to targeting uncertainties. Purpose of this work was to investigate the robustness of scanned-beam particle therapy plans against setup errors for different optimization modalities, beam setups and ion species. MATERIAL AND METHODS For 15 patients with skull base tumors, loc...

Electron emission from the sidewall of a bent individual multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) is reported. The CNT was synthesized using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method and the focused-ion beam technique was used to fabricate the CNT-based electron emitter. With controlled ion bombardment, individual carbon nanotubes can be bent into loops with different radii. An external electric fiel...