The fabrication of activated carbon air cathodes for larger-scale microbial fuel cells requires a diffusion layer (DL) that is highly resistant to water leakage, oxygen permeable, and made using inexpensive materials. A hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane synthesized using a simple phase inversion process was examined as a low cost ($0.9/m(2)), carbon-free DL that prevented wate...

Vulcan XC-72 carbon black particles (average size: ca. 50 nm) was incorporated into polyaniline (PANI) matrix by an electrochemical codeposition technique during the electropolymerization process. The doping by carbon particles leads to a higher polymeric degree and a lower defect density in the PANI structure. Furthermore, the incorporation of carbon particles not only increases the electroche...

the investigated section cropping out in kuh-e-banesh, zagros basin (southern iran) is represented by limestone, cherty beds and marllevels bearing abundant planktonic foraminifers, radiolarian microfaunas, and ammonite imprints. for the first time, well to moderatelypreserved forms of planktonic foraminifera have been extracted from black shale and marls levels. extracted biota was studied wit...

effect of partial natural rubber replaced with synthetic rubbers, styrene butadiene and cis butadiene, on failure and strength properties of bias tread nr/br based compound was studied by efficient and conventional sulfur curing systems and mixtures of different carbon black grades. it was observed that failure behavior comprising tear resistance and crack growth in substituted compounds droppe...

There are various difficulties involved with comparing the effects of short-lived and long-lived atmospheric species on climate. Global warming potentials (GWPs) can be computed for pulse emissions of short-lived species. However, if the focus is on the long-term effect of a pulse emission occurring today, GWPs do not factor in the fact that if a radiative forcing is applied for a short period,...

Allothermal cracking of methane is a suitable and eco-friendly way to simultaneously produce hydrogen and carbon black. The economic viability of the process relies on the ability to produce carbon black having well-defined characteristics, particularly concerning the particle size. A model for the study of the carbon particle size distribution during thermal cracking of methane has been develo...

Alveolar macrophages were treated with carbon blacks and adsorbates in order to evaluate the biologic effect of adsorbate, adsorbent and adsorbate-adsorbent complexes. Their capacity to phagocytize a subsequent challenge via the Fc-membrane receptor was quantified. Phagocytosis was suppressed in a dose-related manner with increasing concentrations of both carbon blacks and adsorbates. Carbon bl...

A series of measurements have been performed at Hill Air Force Base to evaluate real-time instruments for measurements of black carbon aerosol and particlebound PAHs emitted from spark and ignition compression vehicles. Vehicles were operated at idle or fast idle in one set of measurements and were placed under load on a dynamometer during the second series. Photoacoustic instruments were devel...

In this paper, the comparative studies of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) manufactured with different cathode materials have been investigated. It has been observed that different cathode materials have different bandgap energies and it directly affect the efficiency of DSSC. The tested materials for counter electrode are carbon black and graphite. Although both of these materials are carbon ...

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) provides a way to fabricate graphite composite bipolar plates, which significantly reduces time and cost at the research and development stage of bipolar plates, as compared with the conventional fabrication methods of compression molding and injection molding. Different graphite materials (natural graphite, synthetic graphite, carbon black, and carbon fiber) wer...