Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, binds strongly to oversulfated structures in chondroitin sulfates (CSs) and heparan sulfate. To elucidate the carbohydrate structure actually involved in the strong binding, dissected brains from 13-day mouse embryos were incubated with [14C]-glucosamine. The labeled glycosaminoglycans were fractionated by MK-agarose affinity chromatography to a we...

The Asn-linked oligosaccharides on the glycoprotein hormones lutropin (LH) and thyrotropin terminate with the sequence SO4-4GalNAcpl-4GlcNAc@1-2 Mana-. Using a chemically synthesized trisaccharide GalNAc@1-4GlcNAc~l-2Manal-O(CH2)8COOCH3 (GGnM-MCO), we have developed a sensitive assay for the sulfotransferase responsible for the 4-0-sulfation of the terminal 6-D-GalNAc. GGnM-MCO is incubated wi...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized by cytochromes P450 to hydroxylated biotransformation products. In mammalian studies, some of the hydroxylated products have been shown to be strong inhibitors of steroid sulfotransferases. As a part of ongoing research into the bioavailability of environmental pollutants in catfish intestine, we investigated the effects of a series of hydroxy...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are abundant cellsurface molecules that consist of a core protein and highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugar chains (Kjellen and Lindahl, 1991; Yanagishita and Hascall, 1992; David, 1993). HS chains bind to various extracellular molecules including growth factors, adhesion molecules, proteases and receptors and can support the functions of HS-binding...

We have previously found that the purified chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST), which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin, catalyzed the sulfation of keratan sulfate, and that both the C6ST activity and the keratan sulfate sulfotransferase (KSST) activity were expressed in COS-7 cells when C6ST cDNA was tran...

On an anatomical basis, cornea may be divided into three major parts: the fibrous stroma, the overlying epithelium, and endothelium. Epithelial and endothelial cells contribute approximately 20% of the total wet weight of beef cornea, and their integrity is essential for stromal maintenance (1). Of the three major parts of cornea, epithelial cells have the highest oxygen consumption that can be...

The link between dietary carbohydrate/protein and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) remains debatable in carnivorous fish. We aimed to evaluate and compare the response of hepatic lipogenic gene expression to dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose and dietary protein intake/amino acids (AAs) during acute stimulations using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. For the in vivo trial, three different diets ...