Car front design is based on performance and passenger safety requirements by regulatory and rating tests. Pedestrian safety tests are mandatory in regions like European Union and Japan while other regions do not have such regulations. These tests involve impacts of head-form, upper leg-form and lower leg-form to simulate collisions with bumper, bonnet edge and bonnet regions while excluding re...

This paper presents recent results of on-going research to build new maps of driver performance in car-following situations. The novel performance map is comprised of four driving states: low risk, conflict, near crash, and crash imminent – which correspond to advisory warning, crash imminent warning, and crash mitigation countermeasures. The paper addresses two questions dealing with the appro...

Development of frontal impact airbag sensor algorithms/calibrations requires crash signals, which can be obtained from vehicle crash testing and/or CAE simulations. This paper presents the development of finite element sensor models to generate CAE simulated crash pulses/signals at the sensing location during frontal impacts. These signals will be evaluated for potential used in the airbag sens...

With improving rates of survival following road traffic injuries in many countries, healthy years of life lost due to crashes increasingly reflect the prevalence of disabling sequelae. This review examines the epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of disability due to car crashes, published between 1980 and 2002. Studies of sequelae limited to specific domains (e.g. head injury, whiplash,...

OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated. METHODS Retrospective records of children treated in the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, after road traffic crashes between Janu...

Collisions with dangerous roadside obstacles and rollovers are responsible for many injuries and deaths in highways worldwide. International crash data indicate that roadside characteristics contribute to more than half of all run-off-road injury crashes (RORIC) involving serious injury or death. Furthermore, roadside geometric characteristics are believed to be the leading cause of rollover in...

Occupant injury in real world vehicle accidents can be significantly affected by a set of crash characteristics, of which impact direction and impact location (or damage location) in general scale interval (e.g., frontal impact is frequently defined as general damage to vehicle frontal end with impact angle range of 11-1 o'clock) have been identified to associate with injury outcome. The effect...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to estimate the correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian rating scores and injury outcome in real-life car-to-pedestrian crashes, with special focus on long-term disability. Another aim was to determine whether brake assist (BA) systems affect the injury outcome in real-life car-to-pedestrian crashes and to estimate the combined effects in injury reduc...

Two full-frontal Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) were reconstructed using finite element (FE) models. A FE simplified vehicle model (SVM) was tuned to mimic the frontal crash response of the CIREN case vehicle using frontal NCAP crash test data. The Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) was positioned in 120 pre-crash configurations per case wit...

background while cyclists and pedestrians are known to be at significant risk for severe injuries when exposed to road traffic accidents (rta) involving trucks, little is known about rta injury risk for truck drivers. objectives the aim of this study was to analyze the injury severity in truck drivers following rtas. patients and methods our local accident research unit prospectively documented...