Class II CAP-dependent promoters, interacting with the RNAP ␣ subunit C-terminal domain (␣CTD) and facilitat-At Class I CAP-dependent promoters, interaction between the activating region and ␣CTD (and concomitant St. Louis, Missouri 63104 recruitment of RNAP to promoter DNA) appears to be the entire basis of transcription activation. Thus, at Class Summary I CAP-dependent promoters, removal of ...

Most cellular and eukaryotic viral mRNAs have a cap structure at their 5' end that is critical for efficient translation. Cap structures also aid in mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm and, in addition, protect the mRNAs from degradation by 5' exonucleases. Cap function is mediated by cap-binding proteins that play a key role in translational control. Recent structural studies on the cellu...

BACKGROUND Recent evidence demonstrates increased short-term risk of cardiac complications and respiratory failure among patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively, concurrent with an episode of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We evaluated patients with pre-existing HF or COPD, beginning 30 days after CAP diagnosis, to determine if CAP ha...

background : toxoplasmosis is a worldwide endemic disease. in congenitally infected infants and aids patients, toxoplasmosis causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. in these cases antibody detection is difficult; so detection of parasite or its components could be useful tool for early detection and following treatment of the infection. methods : sixty-three balb/c mice were injected intr...

The 2016 American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines removed the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). We examined whether the 2016 ATS/IDSA guidelines are applicable in Korea.We conducted a retrospective, observational study of pneumonia patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary teaching hospital from March 2012 to February 2014. I...

AIMS The widely accepted threshold of <65 μm for coronary plaque fibrous cap thickness was derived from postmortem studies of ruptured plaques and may not be appropriate for in vivo rupture-prone plaques. We investigated the relationship between fibrous cap thickness and plaque rupture using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 266 lesions (103 from patients with...

BACKGROUND Precise etiologic diagnosis in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains challenging. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of CAP etiology in 2 groups of pediatric patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy (FOB) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); children with acute nonresponsive CAP (NR-CAP; n = 127) or recurrent CAP (Rec-CAP; n = 123). Procedural measures were...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common comorbidities in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and mortality risk factors of COPD patients hospitalized with CAP. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Shanghai Dahua Hospital. Clinical and demographic data...

Programming parallel sharedand distributed-memory architectures remains a difficult task. This contribution proposes a methodology for the hierarchical specification of pipelined parallel applications running on sharedas well as distributed-memory architecture. The methodology targets coarse to medium grain parallelism. The CAP methodology (Computer-Aided Parallelization) assumes that parallel ...

Initiation is a highly regulated rate-limiting step of mRNA translation. During cap-dependent translation, the cap-binding protein eIF4E recruits the mRNA to the ribosome. Specific elements in the 5'UTR of some mRNAs referred to as Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESes) allow direct association of the mRNA with the ribosome without the requirement for eIF4E. Cap-independent initiation permits t...