Mendenhall Glacier is a lake-calving glacier in southeastern Alaska, USA, that is experiencing substantial thinning and increasingly rapid recession. Long-term mass wastage linked to climatic trends is responsible for thinning of the lower glacier and leaving the terminus vulnerable to buoyancy-driven calving and accelerated retreat. Bedrock topography has played a major role in stabilizing the...

Calving difficulty (dystocia) contributes heavily to losses in production in beef cow/calf herds. The obvious losses are due to calves or cows that die at or soon after calving. Less noticeable losses are due to delayed rebreeding, more open females, an extended calving season and increased labor costs. While occasional dystocia is almost unavoidable, through proper management, cattlemen can mi...

In this computer era of rapid development, software development can be seen everywhere, but a lot of softwares are dead in modern development of software. Just as The Mythical Man-Month said, it exists a problem in the software development, and the problem is interflow. A lock of interflow can be said great calamity. Clustering is a environment to breed new life. In this thesis, we elaborate ho...

OBJECTIVE Calving ease (CE) is a complex reproductive trait of economic importance in dairy cattle. This study was aimed to investigate the genetic merits of CE for Holsteins in Korea. METHODS A total of 297,614 field records of CE, from 2000 to 2015, from first parity Holstein heifers were recorded initially. After necessary data pruning such as age at first calving (18 to 42 mo), gestation ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationships between body condition and lymphocyte functions in periparturient dairy cows. Thirty days before expected calving, 21 Holstein cows were categorized as thin (n = 6), medium (n = 8), or overconditioned (n = 7) based on body condition score (BCS). Blood samples were collected on 21, 14, 7, and 3 d before calving and on d 3, 7, 14, 21, 2...

Milk fever is one of the most important metabolic diseases in dairy cattle. Reducing the dietary cation/anion balance (DCAD) with anionic salts is a common prevention strategy. However, many small European farms cannot use total mixed rations (TMR) in the close-up period. Including anionic salts in compound feeds can result in feed refusals and moderate inclusions to preserve feed palatability ...

Calving difficulty is a trait that greatly affects animal welfare, herd profitability, and the amount of labor required by cattle farmers. It is influenced by direct and maternal genetic components. Selection and breeding strategies can optimize the accuracy of genetic evaluations and correctly emphasize calving difficulty in multiple-trait indices provided there are accurate estimates of genet...

There are significant costs associated with reproductive inefficiency in pasture-based dairy herds. This study has quantified the economic effect of a number of key variables associated with reproductive inefficiency in a dairy herd and related them to 6-week calving rate for both cows and heifers. These variables include: increased culling costs, the effects of sub optimum calving dates, incre...

38 Lactating dairy cows (n=1,538) were enrolled in a randomized complete block 39 design study to evaluate protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation. Within each 40 herd (n=8), cows were divided into three calving groups: EARLY, MID and LATE 41 based on days in milk (DIM) at mating start date (MSD). EARLY calving cows 42 (n=1,244) were  42 DIM at MSD, MID calving cows (n=179) were 21 to 41...

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the association between risk factors and the risk of culling in Iranian Holstein cows. The data consisted of 329,772 lactation records obtained from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran (2003 - 2012) and logistic regression was applied to investigate the associations between the predictor and response variables. The response variable in this experiment wa...