Background: The objective of this study is to determine in a case series (four patients) how calcified deposits in renal papillae are associated with the development of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) papillary calculi. Methods: From the recently collected papillary calculi, we evaluated retrospectively patients, subjected to retrograde ureteroscopy, with COM papillary lithiasis. Results: The...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of simple renal cysts on extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with calyceal renal calculi. Patients with simple renal cysts >35 mm and ipsilateral renal calculi <20 mm that were treated with SWL constituted group 1 (cyst + calculi). The control group included patients aged >40 years that had renal calculi <20 mm and no cysts that ...

Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the relationships among chemical, phase and structural composition and etiopathogenic factors of non-infectious phosphate calculi formed in patients with low and high urinary phosphate concentrations, and to characterize the mechanism of their formation related on biochemical results. Material and Methods: Twelve samples of phosphate renal calculi ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) is a complex procedure requiring expertise in laparoscopic and choledochoscopic skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of treating biliary calculi through laparoscopic transcystic exploration of the CBD via an ultrathin choledochoscope combined with dual-frequency la...

The framework of psi-calculi extends the pi-calculus with nominal datatypes for data structures and for logical assertions and conditions. These can be transmitted between processes and their names can be statically scoped as in the standard pi-calculus. Psi-calculi can capture the same phenomena as other proposed extensions of the pi-calculus such as the applied pi-calculus, the spi-calculus, ...

Almost 30 years ago, the research on process calculi gained a lot of momentum with the invention of ACP, CCS and CSP. Later on, but also already 20 years ago, researchers started to consider so-called mobile variants of process calculi, in which communication channels were themselves treated as the exchanged data. The original Pi Calculus arose out of a reformulation and extension of CCS. In tu...

Kidney stone is a common problem in population and had medical or surgical treatment. Surgery treatment had many technique, but now, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard surgery care of renal calculi. In recent years, surgeons defined modification methods of PCNL such as tubeless PCNL and totally tubeless PCNL. These modified methods were associated with less complication, reduced ...

Logic calculi, and Gentzen-type calculi in particular, can be categorised into two types: search-oriented and interaction-oriented calculi. Both these types have certain inherent characteristics stemming from the purpose for which they are designed. In this paper, we give a general characterisation of the two types and present two calculi that are typical representatives of their respective cla...

BACKGROUND Medical management of urinary calculus disease is a challange for modern science. In the present trial Ayurvedic drug "Herbmed," which is made up of varuna (Crataeva nurvala) and banana stem (Musa paradisiaca) was assessed to see reduction and/or expulsion of urinary calculi and also to assess the role of these drugs to reduce pain during expulsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pr...