The involvement of chloride in salt stress symptoms and salt tolerance mechanisms in plants has been less investigated in the past. Therefore, we studied the salt-induced chloride influx in Arabidopsis expressing the GFP-based anion indicator Clomeleon. High salt concentrations induce two phases of chloride influx. The fast kinetic phase is likely caused by membrane depolarization, and is assum...

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the calcium ionophore A23187 caused dose-dependent changes in the potential difference and the short circuit current (Isc) across confluent T84 cell monolayers mounted in modified Ussing chambers. Both VIP and A23187 stimulated net chloride secretion without altering sodium transport. Net chloride secretion accounted for the increase in Isc. When A231...

Plasma concentrations of calcium fractions, proteins, phosphate and magnesium were measured before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. When calcium chloride was added to a pump priming solution which contained little or no blood, the concentrations of all calcium fractions were significantly greater after bypass than before, with a mean ionized ca...

Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) exhibits several properties of an ideal root-end filling. It, however, has certain disadvantages such as long setting time, difficult handling characteristics, and limited antimicrobial activity. In order to improve its properties, several commonly used reagents have been used instead of sterile water. Hence the objective of this study was to evaluat...

This study concerns the effects of ions on the shell-secreting membrane of clam mantles. The average resting potentials were --47 mV for freshwater mantles and --60 mV for marine mantles. Elevation of potassium in the absence of chloride gave a maximal slope of depolarization equivalent to 59 mV for a 10-fold change in the marine form but much less in the freshwater form. In normal potassium, a...

A solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1200–1400 ◦C to evaluate the influences o...

ATP is an efficacious secretagogue for mucin and chloride in the epithelial cell line HT29-Cl.16E. Mucin release has been measured as [3H]glucosamine-labeled product in extracellular medium and as single-cell membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosis-related increases in membrane area. The calcium-activated chloride channel blocker niflumic acid, also reported to modulate secretio...

Isolated axons from the squid, Dosidicus gigas, were internally perfused with potassium fluoride solutions. Membrane currents were measured following step changes of membrane potential in a voltage-clamp arrangement with external isosmotic solution changes in the order: potassium-free artificial seawater; potassium chloride; potassium chloride containing 10, 25, 40 or 50, mM calcium or magnesiu...

Insect osmoregulation is subject to highly sophisticated endocrine control. In Drosophila, both Drosophila kinin and tyramine act on the Malpighian (renal) tubule stellate cell to activate chloride shunt conductance, and so increase the fluid production rate. Drosophila kinin is known to act through intracellular calcium, but the mode of action of tyramine is not known. Here, we used a transgen...