It is now apparent that in men and in postmenopausal women, estrogens have important physiological and pathophysiological roles. However, importantly, these actions are at a local level, namely paracrine, autocrine, and even 'intracrine' rather than endocrine in the classical sense. Thus for example local estrogen biosynthesis in the bones of men plays a hitherto unsuspected role in the mainten...

We have developed two syntheses of vicenistatin and its analogues. Our first-generation strategy included the rapid and sequential assembly of the macrocyclic lactam by using an intermolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction between the C3-C13 fragment and the C1-C2, C14-C19 fragment, followed by an intramolecular Stille coupling reaction. The second-generation strategy utilized a ring-closing...

Commensal microbes are necessary for a healthy gut immune system. However, the mechanism involving these microbes that establish and maintain gut immune responses is largely unknown. Here, we have found that the gut immune receptor leucine-rich repeat (LRR) C19 is involved in host-microbiota interactions. LRRC19 deficiency not only impairs the gut immune system but also reduces inflammatory res...

This paper applies the Model Confidence Set (MCS) procedure of Hansen, Lunde, and Nason (2003) to a set of volatility models. A MCS is analogous to confidence interval of a parameter in the sense that the former contains the best forecasting model with a certain probability. The key to the MCS is that it acknowledges the limitations of the information in the data. The empirical exercise is base...

The title compound, C30H42N2O7 [systematic name: (1S,4S,5S,7S,8S,9S,10S,11S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-20-ethyl-4,8,9-trihy-droxy-1,14,16-tri-meth-oxy-aconitan-4-yl 2-amino-benzoate], isolated from roots of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai, is a typical aconitane-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, which crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The conformations of the two independent m...

C1 IBM IBM Business Consulting Services BE C2 LSE London School of Economics UK C3 T6 T6 scarl IT C4 SUN Sun Microsystems Iberica ES C5 FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik DE C6 ICL Imperial College London UK C7 IESE IESE Business School Universidad de Navarra ES C8 INTEL INTEL Ireland IE C9 ISUFI Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies University of Lecce IT C10 TUC MUSIC Technical Unive...

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a recognized periodontal pathogen, is a source of sphinganine bases, fatty acids, free ceramides as well as complex lipids that potentiate interleukin-1b-mediated secretory responses in gingival fibroblasts. The purpose of this study is the structural verification of the sphinganine bases and fatty acids that had been proposed as major components of the complex lipids ...

The structure of a new phosphoglycolipid from the halophilic Gram-negative bacteria Halomonas elongata ATCC 33173(T), Halomonas eurihalina ATCC 49336(T), Halomonas almeriensis CECT 7050(T), strain Sharm (AM238662), Halomonas halophila DSM 4770(T), and Halomonas salina ATCC 49509(T) was elucidated by NMR and mass spectroscopy studies. In all of the species examined, the polar lipid composition c...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are the major adrenal C19 steroids in man. Concerning DHEAS many extensive studies have been reported using Zimmerman reaction and gas-liquid chromatography. Only a few papers, however, have appeared concerning DHEA. One of the causes of minute amount of information about DHEA was the complicated assay p...

We find a subtle but substantial bias in a standard measure of the conditional dependence of present outcomes on streaks of past outcomes in sequential data. The mechanism is driven by a form of selection bias, which leads to an underestimate of the true conditional probability of a given outcome when conditioning on prior outcomes of the same kind. The biased measure has been used prominently ...