Samples from six depths of the Black Sea's suboxic zone were analyzed for 16S rRNA gene sequence information. A gradient in phylotype diversity was found. The distributions of known anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, many unknown Planctomycetes, and other phylotypes were examined in relation to the local nutrient and redox conditions.

Due to its high global warming potential, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions from wastewater treatment processes have recently received a high degree of attention. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information regarding the microbiological processes leading to N(2)O production. In this study, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were operated with deammonification biomass to investigate th...

Denitrification, anammox (Anx) and di-nitrogen fixation were examined in two mangrove ecosystems- the anthropogenically influenced Divar and the relatively pristine Tuvem. Stratified sampling at 2 cm increments from 0 to 10 cm depth revealed denitrification as the main process of N₂ production in mangrove sediments. At Divar, denitrification was ∼3 times higher than at Tuvem with maximum activi...

For over 50 years, electron beams have been an important modality for providing an accurate dose of radiation to superficial cancers and disease and for limiting the dose to underlying normal tissues and structures. This review looks at many of the important contributions of physics and dosimetry to the development and utilization of electron beam therapy, including electron treatment machines,...

Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) has been one of the most innovative developments in biological wastewater treatment in recent years. With its discovery in the 1990s a completely new way of ammonium removal from wastewater became available. Over the past decade many technologies have been developed and studied for their applicability to the PN/A concept and several have made it into full-scal...

PURPOSE To investigate monthly and seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). METHODS An ethnically diverse cohort of 469 myopic 6- to <12 year-old children was randomized to single vision or progressive addition lenses and followed for 3 years with 98.5% retention. Progression of myopia was measured semiannually...

Applications and curricula of decision analysis currently do not include methods to compute Bayes’ rule and obtain posteriors for non-conjugate prior distributions. The current convention is to force the decision maker’s belief to take the form of a conjugate distribution, leading to a suboptimal decision. BUGS software, which uses MCMCmethods, is numerically capable of obtaining posteriors for...

Presented in this article, aimed at both the virologists and non-virologists among the readers, are the dark episodes of virology. These anecdotes overshadow, in comparison, the effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb explosions, both in impact and magnitude. Needless-tosay, the episodes listed here involve viruses and may represent re-recording of largest outbreaks of some viral infectio...