Prion diseases are associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into a misfolded oligomeric form, PrPSc. Previous studies indicate that salts promote conformational conversion of the recombinant prion protein into a PrPSc-like form. To gain insight into the mechanism of this effect, here we have studied the influence of a number of salts (sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, sodi...

Colonization of a human host with a commensal microbiota has a complex interaction in which bacterial communities provide numerous health benefits to the host. An equilibrium between host and microbiota is kept in check with the help of biliary secretions by the host. Bile, composed primarily of bile salts, promotes digestion. It also provides a barrier between host and bacteria. After bile sal...

In two previous papers, the writer described the effects of acids, alkalies, and salts,’ and the effects of combinations of salts with acids and alkalies* on the precipitation of gelatin by alcohol. In a preliminary paper,” a brief account was given of antagonism observed between different salts in gelatin, these results being of particular interest to the biologist from the point of view of th...

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most of the probiotic bacteria currently available in the market belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and specific health-promoting activities, such as treatment of diarrhea or amelioration of gastrointestinal discomfort, have been attributed to them. In order t...

Total mixed rations containing 31 or 25% NDF were supplemented with 0 or .5 kg/cow per d Ca salts of fatty acids to study the effect of adding Ca salts of fatty acids to diets that differed in NDF content. Rations were fed for ad libitum intake to 12 early to midlactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. No significant int...

Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC), a relatively hydrophilic bile salt, reduces disruption of cholesterol-rich membranes by more hydrophobic bile salts such as taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), or taurodeoxycholate (TDC). We examined the interactions of these bile salts in adsorption to large unilamellar vesicles to determine whether TUDC may stabilize membranes by preventing adsorpti...

In two previous papers, the writer described the effects of acids, alkalies, and salts,’ and the effects of combinations of salts with acids and alkalies* on the precipitation of gelatin by alcohol. In a preliminary paper,” a brief account was given of antagonism observed between different salts in gelatin, these results being of particular interest to the biologist from the point of view of th...

This study reports the chemical composition of particles present along Greenland’s North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core, back to 110,000 years before present. Insoluble and soluble particles larger than 0.45μm were extracted from the ice core by ice sublimation, and their chemical composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy...

Evidence for deliquescence of perchlorate salts has been discovered in the Martian polar region while possible brine flows have been observed in the equatorial region. This appears to contradict the idea that bulk deliquescence is too slow to occur during the short periods of the Martian diurnal cycle during which conditions are favorable for it. We conduct laboratory experiments to study the f...