At 123 K, crystals of cholesteryl cis-9-octadecenoate (cholesteryl oleate, C45H78O2) are monoclinic, space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 12.356(2), b = 8.980(3), c = 18.382(2) A, beta = 85.49(2) degrees, and have two molecules in the unit cell. The crystal structure including all H atoms has been determined from 3812 independent X-ray reflections with sin theta/lambda less than 0.61...

The species difference in the turnover rates of the cholesteryl ester (CE) cycle in macrophage foam cells (MFC) was examined in mice and rats. MFC were induced by acetyl-LDL and pulsed with [3H]oleate, followed by a chase with [14C]oleate. The replacement of the initial amount of cholesteryl [3H]oleate by cholesteryl [14C]oleate within 24 hours was 63% in mouse MFC, whereas it was 33% in rat MF...

Varying glucose and fatty acid (FA) concentrations in the medium of cultured cardiomyocytes from adult rat hearts were tested for effects on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Glucose (5.5, 11, and 25 mM in the culture medium for 18-22 h) had no effect on either heparin-releasable LPL (HR-LPL) or on cellular LPL (C-LPL) activities. When cardiomyocytes were cultured overnight with 60 μM oleate, ...

Studies have been carried out to determine the maximal solubilization of cholesteryl oleate and tocopheryl acetate within mixed bile salt-fatty acid micelles and to establish reproducible assays for pancreatic esterase activity using these micellar substrates. At pH 8.5, using 30 mM sodium taurocholate and 10 mM oleic acid, reproducible micellar solutions of the esters could be prepared giving ...

We have reported previously that, in HepG2 cells, there is a lack of coordinate induction of triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) production by oleate and that insulin inhibits the production of triglyceride-rich, apoB-containing lipoproteins. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the effects of oleate and insulin on the net accumulation of apolipoproteins, specifically apoB, w...

Most biological information is contained within gene and genome sequences. However, current methods for analyzing these data are limited primarily to the prediction of coding regions and identification of sequence similarities. We have developed a computer algorithm, CoSMoS (for context sensitive motif searches), which adds context sensitivity to sequence motif searches. CoSMoS was challenged t...

AIMS Very modest changes in mRNA stability can affect critical points in cellular energy pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of energy abundant substrates on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR-gamma coactivators (PGCs) mRNA's steady-state levels. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR study was performed to assess the effect of zero or normal (5 mmol/l...

Nonesterified fatty acids such as oleate and palmitate acutely potentiate insulin secretion from pancreatic islets in a glucose-dependent manner. In addition, recent studies show that fatty acids elevate intracellular free Ca(2+) and increase voltage-gated Ca(2+) current in mouse beta-cells, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here we utilized a heterologous system to expres...

Peroxisomes perform many essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The weight of evidence indicates that these organelles divide by budding from preexisting peroxisomes. This process is not understood at the molecular level. Peroxisomal proliferation can be induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by oleate. This growth substrate is metabolized by peroxisomal enzymes. We have identified a protein, Pm...

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated in response to metabolic stresses that deplete cellular ATP, and in both liver and skeletal muscle, activated AMPK stimulates fatty acid oxidation. To determine whether AMPK might reciprocally regulate glycerolipid synthesis, we studied liver and skeletal-muscle lipid metabolism in the presence of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICA) riboside, a cell-pe...