Besides its nutritional value, bovine beta-casein is a source of bioactive peptides called betacasomorphins produced during digestion of raw or processed milk. It was shown that the betacasomorphin 7 originates only from beta-casein variants A1 or B and may be a significant risk factor in human ischemic heart disease, arteriosclerosis, type I diabetes and sudden infant death syndrome. In this s...

Semen characteristics were evaluated every 2 wk from 7 through 13 mo of age in 31 beef bulls representing six breed groups (Hereford, Angus, Hereford x Angus crossbreeds, Angus x Hereford crossbreds, Red Poll and Brown Swiss). Breeds differed in age at puberty, defined as the age at which an ejaculate was first obtained that contained a minimum of 50 x 10(6) total spermatozoa with at least 10% ...

Evaluating breeding soundness of bulls is an often neglected management practice. Producers may incorrectly believe that bulls that have previously proven fertile are of sound breeding value for the rest of their lives. They may also assume that new bulls are reproductively sound simply because of some vague or implied guarantee by the seller. Unfortunately, neither assumption is correct. Bulls...

The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the scrotal circumference and testicular parameters with body weight and age in Tho Tho bulls (Bos indicus), which were maintained at around the villages of National Research Centre on Mithun (ICAR), Jharnapani, Nagaland, India. A total of 32 Tho Tho bulls were selected and divided into four groups according to their age and ea...

The diurnal behavior patterns of feedlot bulls were investigated at 52 degrees N during winter and spring. Two trials were conducted during periods when the daylight portion of the day increased by over 7 h. In trial 1, 324 bulls were observed hourly for 24 h on nine occasions at 2-wk intervals. The average proportions of bulls eating, drinking, standing and lying were 9.8, 1.9, 27.4 and 60.0%,...

Introduction Testicular temperature of bulls must be 2 to 6° C cooler than body temperature to allow normal spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm. Exposure of bulls to increased ambient temperatures results in reduced semen quality (Casady et al., 1953; Skinner and Louw, 1966; Meyerhoeffer et al., 1985). Local heating of the scrotum of bulls for a few days causes a reduction in the number of ...

Somatic cell score (SCS) evaluations have been published in the United States since 1994 and international evaluations have been available through Interbull since May 2001. The accumulated data provides an opportunity to investigate the accuracy and stability of SCS evaluations. United States domestic evaluations from January 1995 through August 2004, for 21,500 Holstein bulls were considered, ...

This study was conducted to determine degradation of the giant myofibrillar proteins titin and nebulin in postmortem aged beef, with known tenderness values, from animals differing in sex (steers vs bulls) and age (cows vs steers and bulls). Ten bulls and 10 steers (both groups were approximately 14 mo old) and 10 cows (44 to 108 mo old) were slaughtered. Longissimus muscle samples were removed...

*Corresponding Author Rajesh. K. Patel [email protected] The present study investigated the occurrence of an autosomal recessive genetic disease, Bovine Citrullinaemia caused by mutation in Argininosuccinate Synthase (ASS) gene, in Indian Holstein cattle. The Polymerase chain reactionRestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed on a group of 120 Holstein bulls to...

Manipulation of prices and convergence to rational expectations equilibrium is studied in a game without noise traders. Informed players with initially long and short positions (bulls and bears) seek to manipulate consumer expectations in opposite directions. In equilibrium, bears and uninformed consumers sell up to their short-sale limits in period 1. Bulls buy in period 1 but receive arbitrag...