Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow a user to control a computer application by brain activity as measured, e.g., by electroencephalography (EEG). After about 30years of BCI research, the success of control that is achieved by means of a BCI system still greatly varies between subjects. For about 20% of potential users the obtained accuracy does not reach the level criterion, meaning that BC...

OBJECTIVE Today, the brain-computer interface (BCI) community lacks a standard method to evaluate an online BCI's performance. Even the most commonly used metric, the information transfer rate (ITR), is often reported differently, even incorrectly, in many papers, which is not conducive to BCI research. This paper aims to point out many of the existing problems and give some suggestions and met...

Motivation moderately influences brain-computer interface (BCI) performance in healthy subjects when monetary reward is used to manipulate extrinsic motivation. However, the motivation of severely paralyzed patients, who are potentially in need for BCI, could mainly be internal and thus, an intrinsic motivator may be more powerful. Also healthy subjects who participate in BCI studies could be i...

Spin current generation in silicon and other semiconductors by purely electrical means is paramount for building spintronic devices. Recently, a robust spin injection into a semiconductor from a ferromagnetic metal contact has been performed at room temperature [1], but the spin accumulation signal obtained with the three-terminal measurement setup is reported to be higher than the theoretical ...

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), independent of the brain's normal output pathways, are attracting an increasing amount of attention as devices that extract neural information. As a typical type of BCI system, the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCIs possess a high signal-to-noise ratio and information transfer rate. However, the current high speed SSVEP-BCIs were implemente...

The Bone Conduction Implant (BCI) system has been developed as an alternative to the percutaneous bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) with the advantage that the skin is kept intact. The transducer is permanently implanted and attached to the skull via a flat surface contact to the temporal bone. By applying amplitude modulation, the sound signal is transmitted to the implanted transducer through ...

We use a syntactic interpretation of MALL in BCI with ∧, defined in [5], to prove the undecidability of the consequence relations for BCI with ∧ and BCI with ∨, and the NP-completeness of BCI. Similar results are obtained for a variant of the Lambek calculus.

In the quest to make Brain Computer Interfacing (BCI) more usable, dry electrodes have emerged that get rid of the initial 30 minutes required for placing an electrode cap. Another time consuming step is the required individualized adaptation to the BCI user, which involves another 30 minutes calibration for assessing a subject’s brain signature. In this paper we aim to also remove this calibra...

A brain-computer interface (BCI) directly uses brain-activity signals to allow users to operate the environment without any muscular activation. Thanks to this feature, BCI systems can be employed not only as assistive devices, but also as neurorehabilitation tools in clinical settings. However, several critical issues need to be addressed before using BCI in neurorehabilitation, issues ranging...

The notion of semi-BCI algebras is introduced and some of its properties are investigated. This algebra is another generalization for BCI-algebras. It arises from the “intervalization” of BCI algebras. Semi-BCI have a similar structure to Pseudo-BCI algebras however they are not the same. In this paper we also provide an investigation on the similarity between these classes of algebras by showi...