An estimated two million Americans suffer from chemosensory disorders. We present the clinical and imaging findings in three hyposmic patients with bilateral olfactory bulb calcification detected by CT. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of olfactory bulb calcification reported in the literature. A review of the literature concerning calcification of cranial nerves, olfactory neuritis,...

The present experiment was conducted at the field of Horticulture Research Farm, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) during rabi season 2019-2020. laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBCD) and treatments comprised three varieties i.e. V1 (Agrifound Light Red), V2 (NHRDF-Red), V3 (NHRDF-2) planting spacing S1 (20×7.5cm), S2 (20×10cm) S3 (20×15 cm). paramete...

UNLABELLED Although feedback or centrifugal projections from higher processing centers of the brain to peripheral regions have long been known to play essential functional roles, the anatomical organization of these connections remains largely unknown. Using a virus-based retrograde labeling strategy and 3D whole-brain reconstruction methods, we mapped the spatial organization of centrifugal pr...

Abstract Moler caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cepae is a seed-borne disease, so the disease intensity in field depend on amount of initial inoculum infected bulbs as seeds. Therefore, detection pathogens important to determine potential their transmission. The aim this research was evaluate sensitivity bulb tissue shallot based pathogen Infection Index incubation method agar media detect pre...

Mining is an important economic activity that promotes income generation, job creation, and industrialization globally. In spite its importance, it classified as land degradation form disrupts natural ecosystem through loss of biota soil health. Paucity information regarding the performance reclaimed mined soils in supporting crop production abound Kenya. To contribute to this knowledge gap, a ...

Temperature and relative humidity have opposing effects on evaporative water loss, the likely mediator of the temperature-dependence of nephrolithiasis. However, prior studies considered only dry-bulb temperatures when estimating the temperature-dependence of nephrolithiasis. We used distributed lag non-linear models and repeated 10-fold cross-validation to determine the daily temperature metri...

The olfactory bulb is an evolutionarily old structure that antedates the appearance of a six-layered mammalian cerebral cortex. As such, the neuronal scaling rules that apply to scaling the mass of the olfactory bulb as a function of its number of neurons might be shared across mammalian groups, as we have found to be the case for the ensemble of non-cortical, non-cerebellar brain structures. A...

Infant rats require maternal odor learning to guide pups' proximity-seeking of the mother and nursing. Maternal odor learning occurs using a simple learning circuit including robust olfactory bulb norepinephrine (NE), release from the locus ceruleus (LC), and amygdala suppression by low corticosterone (CORT). Early-life stress increases NE but also CORT, and we questioned whether early-life str...

Objective: Although azelaic acid is effective for treatment of acne and rosacea, the biological activity of azelaic acid and the effect of its combination therapy with minoxidil were not elucidated with regard to hair growth. Materials and Methods: In this study, mouse vibrissae follicles were dissected on day 10 after depilation. Then, the bulb and bulge...