BACKGROUND AND AIMS The existence of gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenal mucosa has been considered to be highly related to the recurrence of duodenal ulcers (DU). The aims of this study are to evaluate the usefulness of methylene blue staining in the detection of GM, and to clarify the relationship between GM and the deformity of the duodenal bulb. METHODS Fifteen patients with healed DU...

Isoforms of onion bulb GSTs (designated as GSTa, GSTb, as minor, and GSTc, GSTd and GSTe as dominant GSTs) were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and variation in the activity of dominant GSTs was studied in winter and spring. Among the dominant GSTs, GSTc and GSTd were found to have similar activity levels in both seasons. In case of GSTe, distinct activity levels were observed in wi...

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that villous atrophy in celiac disease is patchy and have suggested that duodenal bulb biopsies aid in diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of the addition of duodenal bulb biopsies to distal duodenum (D2) biopsies in the diagnosis of celiac disease. DESIGN Prospective, case-control study. SETTING Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS Patients u...

The lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) is known to give rise to striatal projection neurons as well as interneurons, which migrate in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to populate the granule cell and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. Because all of these neuronal subtypes express Distalless-related (DLX) homeobox proteins during their differentiation, we set out to further characterize ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All carotid stenosis ratio methods are based on the inability of digital subtraction angiography to measure in millimeters. Each method has potential flaws. The Carotid Stenosis Index (CSI) was designed to reduce ambiguities of NASCET and ECST ratios. We test this method's ability to correctly estimate carotid stenosis using direct computed tomography angiography millimet...

Fair allocation of goods or resources among various agents is a central task in multiagent systems and other fields. The specific setting where just one divisible resource is to be divided fairly is commonly referred to as cake cutting, and agents are called players in this setting. Cake-cutting protocols aim at dividing a cake and assigning the resulting portions to several players in a way th...

Citation: Willemet R (2015) Commentary: Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb than to the cerebral cortex of eulipotyphlans but not rodents, afrotherians or primates. Commentary: Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb than to the cerebral cortex of eulipotyphlans but not rodents, afrotherians or primates A commentary on Greater addition of neurons to the olfactory bulb th...

In adult Xenopus, the nasal cavity is divided into separate middle (MC) and principal (PC) cavities; the former is used to smell water-borne odorants, the latter air-borne odorants. Recent work has shown that olfactory neurons of each cavity express a distinct subclass of odorant receptors. Moreover, MC and PC axons project to distinct regions of the olfactory bulb. To examine the developmental...

Rabbit pups ingest food, in this case milk, once a day with circadian periodicity and are a natural model of food anticipatory activity. During nursing, several sensory systems receive information about properties of the food, one of them being the olfactory system, which has received little attention in relation to synchronization by food. In addition, the olfactory bulb has a circadian pacema...

Contact between sensory axons and their targets is critical for the development and maintenance of normal neural circuits. Previous work indicates that the removal of afferent contact to the olfactory bulb affects bulb organization, neurophenotypic expression, and cell survival. The studies also suggested changes to the structure of individual cell types. The current work examines the effects o...