Confocal and multiphoton optical imaging techniques have been powerful tools for evaluating the performance of and monitoring experiments within microfluidic devices, but this application suffers from two pitfalls. The first is that obtaining the necessary imaging contrast often requires the introduction of an optical label which can potentially change the behavior of the system. The emerging a...

Macerase, a pectinase-containing enzyme mixture, was used to digest cell walls isolated from cultured pear cells. Following digestion, the reaction mixture was boiled to inactivate enzymes. Addition of soluble aliquots of the mixture to suspension cultures of pear cells led to a rapid and transient production of ethylene by the cells.

This paper presents a method to determine if a usable wheelchair accessible route in a facility exists using motion-planning techniques. We use a `performance-based' approach to predict the performance of a facility design against requirements of a building code. This approach has advantages over the traditional `prescriptive' code-based approach for assessing acceptability of designs, which is...

We have demonstrated simultaneous fabrication of designed defects within a periodic structure. For rapid fabrication of periodic structures incorporating nanoscale line-defects at large area, topographically assisted holographic lithography (TAHL) technique, combining the strength of hologram lithography and phase-shift interference, was proposed. Hot-embossing method generated the photoresist ...

Using nonintrusive imaging techniques we have directly observed the nanoscopic details of the magnetization configuration of epitaxial and polycrystalline mesoscopic ring structures with a ,15-nm resolution. We have found head to head domain walls with different spin structures depending on ring width. Further, we can classify the geometry dependent switching processes according to the number o...

Ferroelectric materials are heavily used in electro-mechanics and electronics. Inside the ferroelectric, domain walls separate regions in which the spontaneous polarization is differently oriented. Properties of ferroelectric domain walls can differ from those of the domains themselves, leading to new exploitable phenomena. Even more exciting is that a non-ferroelectric material may have domain...