Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects polarized epithelia, which have tightly regulated trafficking because of the separation and maintenance of the apical and basolateral membranes. Previously we established a link between the apical recycling endosome (ARE) and the assembly of RSV. The current studies tested the role of a major ARE-associated protein, Rab11 family interacting protein 2 (F...

The recent discovery of a lateral organization in cell membranes due to small structures called ’rafts’ has motivated a lot of biological and physico-chemical studies. A new experiment on a model system has shown a spectacular budding process with the expulsion of one or two rafts when one introduces proteins on the membrane. In this paper, we give a physical interpretation of the budding of th...

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes by epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells having undergone EMT are histologically represented by the presence of tumor buds defined as single cells or small clusters of de-differentiated tumor cells at the invasive front. Tumor budding is not a static, histologica...

In endocytosis, scaffolding is one of the mechanisms to create membrane curvature by moulding the membrane into the spherical shape of the clathrin cage. However, the impact of membrane elastic parameters on the assembly and shape of clathrin lattices has never been experimentally evaluated. Here, we show that membrane tension opposes clathrin polymerization. We reconstitute clathrin budding in...

Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (cysts) reproduce by budding. The cysts' production of buds was measured in vitro to explore parasite and environmental-related factors involved in the extreme individual variation in parasite loads of inbred mice. Cysts were placed in in vitro culture for 10 days at initial parasite densities of 1, 5, 10 cysts/well in 1 ml of RPMI Medium 1640 without serum. Results...

Matrix (M) proteins reportedly direct the budding of paramyxoviruses from infected cells. In order to begin to characterize the assembly process for the highly lethal, emerging paramyxovirus Nipah virus (NiV), we have examined the budding of NiV M. We demonstrated that expression of the NiV M protein is sufficient to produce budding virus-like particles (VLPs) that are physically and morphologi...

Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems, for short) are a class of distributed parallel computing devices inspired from the way neurons communicate by means of spikes. The features of neuron division and neuron budding are recently introduced into the framework of SN P systems, and it was shown that SN P systems with neuron division and neuron budding can efficiently solve computationally hard p...

RNA interference (RNAi), a gene-silencing pathway triggered by double-stranded RNA, is conserved in diverse eukaryotic species but has been lost in the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we show that RNAi is present in other budding yeast species, including Saccharomyces castellii and Candida albicans. These species use noncanonical Dicer proteins to generate small interfering ...

Shape transformations and budding of phospholipid/fatty acid giant vesicles can be induced by an internal chemical stimulus (pH change) when coupled with osmotic shock. A kinetic model the ADE theory help to clarify mechanism.