It is well known that a long defoliated piece of stem of Bryophyllum calycinum forms shoots only at the apical or the two apical nodes, while when such a stem is cut into as many pieces as there are nodes each node produces shoots. It is shown in this paper that the dry weight of shoots produced in the apical nodes of a long piece of stem is approximately equal to the dry weight of shoots the s...

ion and function application employ the notion of substitution. Recall the inference rule and its representation in LF: e1 ↪→ lam x. e1 e2 ↪→ v2 [v2/x]e1 ↪→ v ev app e1 e2 ↪→ v ev app : ΠE1:exp. ΠE2:exp. ΠE′ 1:exp→ exp. ΠV2:exp. ΠV :exp. eval E1 (lam E′ 1) → eval E2 V2 → eval (E′ 1 V2) V → eval (app E1 E2) V. As before, we transcribe this (and the trivial rule for evaluating λ-expressions) into...

The Local Airport Monitor (LAM) concept has been proposed as an inexpensive and rapidly deployable implementation of LAAS. The LAM combines WAAS corrections with local monitoring to provide an error bound tight enough to enable Category I precision approach and landing. Two different strategies for LAM have been proposed–a range-based method and a position-domain method [1,2]. Both methods moni...

Smooth-muscle proliferation is the hallmark of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Although little is known about the pathogenesis of LAM, nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of smooth-muscle proliferation. NO is linked to the pathogenesis of other lung diseases such as asthma, in part by the finding of higher-than-normal levels of exhaled NO. If NO were involved in the abnormal smooth-muscle prol...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare neoplastic disease, best characterized by the formation of proliferative nodules that express smooth muscle and melanocytic antigens within the lung parenchyma, leading to progressive destruction of lung tissue and function. The pathological basis of LAM is associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a multi-system disorder marked by low-grade tumo...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare and progressive cystic lung condition affecting approximately 3.4-7.5/million women, with an average lag time between symptom onset and diagnosis of upwards of 4 years. The aim of this work was to identify altered proteins in LAM serum which may be potential biomarkers of disease. Serum from LAM patient volunteers and healthy control volunteers were pool...

The relative efficacy of different strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) has not yet been systematically studied. Clinical trials were searched in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI databases up to February 15, 2016. Nine trials including 764 patients met the entry criteria. In direct meta-analysis, TDF showed a stronger antiviral effect than any on...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare and fatal disease which occurs almost exclusively in young women. The disease often affects lungs and most of the patients die from respiratory failure. It is often initially misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most common presentations of pulmonary LAM (P-LAM) include dyspnea and coughing. Chylothorax and spontaneous pne...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic lung disease presenting with cough, dyspnea on exertion and recurrent pneumothorax. Substantial achievements have been made during the past two decades regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of this disorder. LAM, affecting almost exclusively women, is associated with inactivating tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene mutations in LA...