Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Michigan, USA, and research suggests transmission to cattle. Prevalence of the disease in deer is estimated at 1.8%, but as prevalence decreases the difficulty of detection increases. Research suggests coyotes (Canis latrans) have a higher prevalence of bTB in Michigan than deer and sampling coyot...

PURPOSE Brain metastases of breast cancer appear to be increasing in incidence, confer significant morbidity, and threaten to compromise gains made in systemic chemotherapy. The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) is compromised in many brain metastases; however, the extent to which this influences chemotherapeutic delivery and efficacy is unknown. Herein, we answer this question by measuring BTB passive...

The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure for spermatogenesis. Delay in BTB formation in neonatal rats or its irreversible damage in adult rats leads to meiotic arrest and failure of spermatogonial differentiation beyond type A. While hormones, such as testosterone and FSH, are crucial to BTB function, little is known if there is a local regulatory mechanism in the seminifer...

The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) restricts the efficient delivery of anti-glioma drugs to cranial glioma tissues. Increased BTB permeability may allow greater delivery of the therapeutic agents. Increasing evidence has revealed that PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play an important role in tumor progression. However, whether PIWI proteins and piRNAs regulate BTB permeability remai...

This report describes how Mycobacterium bovis infection was controlled and eventually eradicated in a farmed red deer herd in the north of England, following sustained tuberculin skin testing supplemented with serological (antibody) tests over a period of approximately two years. By taking advantage of the anamnestic antibody response produced by the skin test to detect skin test-negative, anti...

Infection of wild animals by bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is raising concern worldwide. This article reviews the current epidemiological situation, risk of emergence and control options at the wildlife–livestock–human interface in sub-Saharan Africa. In livestock, bTB has been confirmed in the majority of countries from all parts of the continent. Wildlife infection is confirmed in seven countries...

The BTB domain is a protein–protein interaction motif found throughout eukaryotes. Here we report the identification of two closely related BTB domain-containing proteins, POZ/BTB CONTAINING-PROTEIN 1 (POB1) and POB2, as negative regulators of defense against pathogens. In yeast two-hybrid assays, POB1 and POB2 dimerize through their BTB domains. The pob1–1 pob2–1 double mutant plants exhibited...

AIM This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in slaughtered cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The cause (s) of grossly suspected bTB lesions encountered at the abattoirs during post-mortem (PM), as whether due to Mycobacterium bovis alone or together with other acid fast bacilli (AFB). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional abattoir based study was conduct...

During spermatogenesis, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) segregates the adluminal (apical) and basal compartments in the seminiferous epithelium, thereby creating a privileged adluminal environment that allows post-meiotic spermatid development to proceed without interference of the host immune system. A key feature of the BTB is its continuous remodeling within the Sertoli cells, the major somat...

The BTB domain (also known as the POZ domain) is an evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interaction motif found at the N terminus of 5-10% of C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factors, as well as in some actin-associated proteins bearing the kelch motif. Many BTB proteins are transcriptional regulators that mediate gene expression through the control of chromatin conformation. In the hum...