AIM This study models the cost-effectiveness of brief advice (BA) in primary care for physical activity (PA) addressing the limitations in the current limited economic literature through the use of a time-based modelling approach. METHODS A Markov model was used to compare the lifetime costs and outcomes of a cohort of 100 000 people exposed to BA versus usual care. Health outcomes were expre...

BACKGROUND This report describes the 48-month efficacy and benefit-cost analysis of Project TrEAT (Trial for Early Alcohol Treatment), a randomized controlled trial of brief physician advice for the treatment of problem drinking. METHODS Four hundred eighty-two men and 292 women, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 382) or intervention (n = 392) group. The intervention consis...

New Zealand’s compulsory education system produces good outcomes for most students, as evidenced by our strong performance in international tests. However, despite large funding increases, achievement levels remain unacceptably low for some groups. Student achievement can be raised by improving the quality of teaching, which the evidence shows is the largest in-school influence on student outco...

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different brief intervention strategies at reducing hazardous or harmful drinking in primary care. The hypothesis was that more intensive intervention would result in a greater reduction in hazardous or harmful drinking. Design Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting Primary care practices in the north east and south east of England and ...

As the title says, this report comprises four case studies of different integrated care projects all over the world and displays “integration in action”. The report gives a broad view of how integrated care can work and aims to find a superior structure of advices on what is necessary to help integration to be successful. It defines “key ingredients for progress with integration” on the example...

Twilight phenomena of Venus are peculiar aspects visible in proximity of the inferior conjunctions of the planet. They include the refraction image of the Sun that has been observed during the planet transits, and the cusp extensions observable at greater elongations. Those two phenomena have deeply different origins, the first being ascribed to refraction, the second to scattering by a thin la...

Michigan-Dearborn. Prof. Su dedicated much of his precious time in giving guidance and provide leadership for this work. He always kept a good track of the progress by arranging weekly and monthly group meetings. His helpful advices, corrections and guidance helped steered me in the right the direction and finished this work successfully. I would also like to thank my fellow lab colleagues. The...

This study examines the findings from 174 case studies of innovative pedagogical practices using technology from 28 participating countries. The study looks at how classrooms worldwide are using technology to change the practices of teachers and students. Within many of these classrooms, the use of technological tools and resources supports students as they search for information, design produc...

Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Prof.Y.Totsuka, for introducing me this experiment and encouraging me throughout this work. I gratefully acknowledge the helpful advice of Prof. They are experts in the atmospheric neutrino analysis. Their suggestions and advices were very useful for me. I owe thanks to my fellow graduate students Y. They gave me us...

As a consequence, individuals‟ retirement planning requirements have become significantly more complex. In an ideal world, members of DC schemes would have access to individual investment advice to allow them to construct a plan to help manage these risks. In practice it has not yet been possible to supply full, individually tailored advice to all DC members on an affordable basis. Instead what...