The effect of genetic and non-genetic factors for carcass, breast meat and leg weights, and yields of a commercial broiler line were investigated using the restricted maximum likelihood method, considering four different animal models, including or excluding maternal genetic effect with covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, and maternal permanent environmental effect. The like...

OBJECTIVES To identify environmental influences on infant growth using data from a birth cohort established in 1921. DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Aberdeen 1921-22. SUBJECTS Five hundred and sixteen individuals (263 boys and 253 girls) born in Aberdeen during 1921. Health visitor assessments ranged from two to 40 (47% received at least 10 visits). No records were available f...

Breastfeeding is fundamental for child health. Changes in the duration of breastfeeding are compared for three population-based cohorts of children born in 1982, 1993 and 2004 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Samples of the 1982 and 1993 children and all of the children from the 2004 cohort study were sought at home when they were aged around 12 months. Both the duration of breastfeedin...

Obesity is an established risk factor for some breast cancers, but less is known about its effect on breast cancer prognosis. Understanding this relationship is important, given the increasing number of women diagnosed with breast cancer and the growing prevalence of obesity. We conducted a cohort analysis of 3,924 women ages 20 to 54 with incident breast cancer enrolled between 1980 and 1982 i...

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFTER A breast cancer diagnosis has been strongly linked to improved quality of life. There is reason to believe that physical activity might extend survival in women with breast cancer. Physical activity also has been linked to a lower risk of breast cancer. An expert panel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization estimated a 20% to ...

After preliminary validation of test weighing under ward conditions the fluid intake and weight gain of 39 breast-fed and 25 artificially fed infants were compared. All were fed every four hours for six feeds a day, and the breast-fed infants received dextrose supplements only. The average intake and weight gain of the breast-fed group was significantly less than that of the group fed artificia...

The problem of sodium balance in low birth weight infants In this issue of Jornal de Pediatria, Tanaka et al. publish results of their detailed study to assess the influence of fortification of banked human breast milk feeding on urinary fractional excretion of sodium, specific gravity and osmolality.1 To our knowledge, no study in very low birth weight infants to date has examined strict sodiu...

AIMS To describe incidence, presentation, treatment and short term outcomes of severe neonatal hypernatraemia (SNH, sodium ≥160 mmol/l). METHODS Prospective, population based surveillance study over 13 months using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Cases were >33 weeks gestation at birth, fed breast or formula milk and <28 days of age at presentation. RESULTS Of 62 cases of SNH repo...