Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is a peptide signal that plays a basic role in cell biology and most likely regulates cell expansion. In this study, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with high and low levels of AtRALF1 transcripts were used to investigate this peptide's mechanism of action. Overexpression of the root-specific isoform AtRALF1 resulted in reduced cell size. Conversely, AtR...

BAK1 is a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase that functions as a coreceptor with the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRI1 and the flagellin receptor FLS2, and as a negative regulator of programmed cell death. BAK1 has been shown to autophosphorylate on numerous serine/threonine sites in vitro as well as to transphosphorylate associated receptor kinases both in vitro and in planta. In the pr...

Brassinosteroid emerges as an essential phytohormone that helps the plant to maintain growth and development. It also plants grow well under adverse conditions along with normal conditions. In this review article, we have discussed functional role of brassinosteroid (BRS) in salinity stress Salinity is one most devastating abiotic stresses which adversely affect by disturbing their metabolic pa...

Plant disease management is key to sustainable production of staple food crops. Calcium (Ca2+) signal and phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant defense responses against pathogens. The Ca2+ signals are sensed, decoded transduced by calmodulin other -binding proteins, followed interaction with modulation activities target proteins such as calmodulin-binding (CBPs). Members the Ar...

........................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 I.1. Maize and the importance of plant architecture .............................................................. 1 I.2. Brassinosteroids .........................

Brassinosteroid as one of steroid hormones has an integral role in controlling plants physiological process especially in response to biological and non-biological stress. This research has been done in Damghan Islamic Azad University Greenhouse. The influence of four concentrations of plant growth regulator -24, homobrassinolide with concentration of 0,10-10, 10-8,10-6 molar on null seedlings ...

pollen tube growth, leaf bending and epinasty, root inhibition, induction of ethylene biosynthesis, protonRecent studies on dwarf mutants of Arabidopsis, pump activation, xylem differentiation, and regulation of tomato and pea have provided convincing evidence gene expression (Mandava, 1988; Clouse and Sasse, that brassinosteroids are a unique class of plant hor1998). In addition, useful agricu...