OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Sinonasal diseases are often treated with topical agents administered through various application techniques, but few prior studies have examined their distribution to the olfactory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of nasal irrigations to sprays within the olfactory cleft. STUDY DESIGN Human cadaveric study. METHODS Eight cadaveric head...

Exotic ambrosia beetles are damaging pests in ornamental tree nurseries in North America. The species Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motshulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) are especially problematic. Management of these pests relies on preventive treatments of insecticides. However, field tests of recommended materials on nursery trees have been limited because of unreliable attacks by am...

An integrated pest management (IPM) pilot program for landscape plants was implemented during 1997 and 1998 on two commercial, two residential, and one institutional property managed by landscape professionals. When compared with preprogram, calendar-based cover spray program costs at these sites in 1996, the IPM program was cost-effective at one of the five sites in both 1997 and 1998, and cos...

Copyright © 2012 Frederick Furness Publishing 14 Nasal sprays that deliver active ingredients using droplets are well-established drug delivery vehicles, both for locally acting and systemic therapies. More recently, though, the pharmaceutical industry has started to turn its attention to delivering dry powders via the nasal route, a step that parallels the introduction of dry powder inhalers (...

Two studies were undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of three thixotropic nasal sprays (IQM11, IQM12, IQM13) on seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The three nasal sprays differ only with respect to the emulsifying agent used in the formulation. In the prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study, 16 patients with a history of SAR received 2 x 0.14 ml IQM11 per nostril or no treatment...

The title compound, [RhCl(C(8)H(12))(C(14)H(12)N(2)OS)], is a rhodium(I) derivative with a functionalized thio-urea ligand. Despite the presence of several heteroatoms, the thio-urea ligand coordinates only in a monodentate fashion via the S atom. The geometry of the coordination sphere is approximately square planar about the Rh(I) atom, with two bonds to the π-electrons of the 1,5-cyclo-octa-...

Background Spinach is a nitrogen (N) demanding crop with weekly N uptake of up to 60 kg ha–1. Consequently, high supply required, which can temporarily lead quantities nitrate (NO3–) being at risk leaching. Aims The objective this study was develop fertilization approach reduce the NO3– leaching in field-grown spinach production without adversely affecting yield and quality an early late harves...

The innovation in software analysis and various available programming facilities have urged the designers at various levels to do indispensable calculations for engine flows. Presently, the 3-D analysis approach is under practice to do simulations for various parameters involving engine operations using various softwares, “Fluent” being the trendiest at the moment for CFD modeling. The present ...