Matrix metalloproteinase-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (MMP-9/NGAL) complex activity is elevated in brain tumors and may serve as a molecular marker for brain tumors. However, the relationship between MMP-9/NGAL activity in brain tumors and patient prognosis and treatment response remains unclear. Here, we compared the clinical characteristics of glioma patients with the MMP-9/NG...

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Despite fair efficacy of current treatment approaches, 30 % patients with medulloblastoma relapse. Cells expressing stemness biomarker SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) are known to play key roles in sustaining growth, providing chemo-resistance, and driving tumor It therefore critical elucidate underlying me...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor and despite optimal treatment, long-term survival remains incredibly rare. Radiation therapy (RT) leads to successful initial regression but recurrence inevitable. Previous studies have shown that ionizing radiation changes composition microenvironment alters expression immune-related markers on cells. Extracel...

Background: Microcystic adnexal tumor is a rare sclerosing variant of ductal carcinoma of eccrine sweat glands which is highly invasive. This tumor is often misdiagnosed as other benign or malignant skin lesions and improper treatment is carried on and is associated with high recurrence rate. Case presen...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and is notorious for its poor prognosis. The highly invasive nature of GBM and its inherent resistance to therapy lead to very high rates of recurrence. Recently, a small cohort of tumor cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), has been recognized as a subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability and multilineage capacity. T...

background and aims. well-differentiated chondrosarcoma and enchondroma are similar in histopathologic aspects; therefore, special methods should be used to make a distinction between these benign and malignant tumors. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a histopathologic method in the long-term follow-up for differentiating these lesions. materials and methods. the medical re...

A brain tumor associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is very rare. A 42-year-old female presented with two separate lesions in her right frontal lobe on MRI. An angiogram diagnosed one of the lesions as an AVM. The second lesion appeared to be a tumor. Tumor removal was difficult due to bleeding from the nearby AVM, necessitating removal of the AVM and allowing complete excision of...