elite migration and brain drain trend in iran have undergone a dramatic ascent in the past few decades while we are seriously in need of educated manpower to help accomplish the 20-year national vision. so to consider brain drain is necessary and must be accounted by policymakers in all levels. in the upcoming paper, we study the brain drain as a social problem and elaborate a five-dimensional ...

brain stimulation techniques are important in both basic and clinical studies. majority of well-known brain stimulating techniques have low spatial resolution or entail invasive processes. low intensity focused ultrasound (lifu) seems to be a proper candidate for dealing with such deficiencies. this review recapitulates studies which explored the effects of lifu on brain structures and its func...

background: it has been known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) is involved in neural survival and long term memory (ltm). here we hypothesized that bdnf as a potent neurotrophic factor might modulate amnestic effect induced by morphine. objectives: the aim of this study was to examine whether infusion of exogenous bdnf in the ca1 regions of the dorsal hippocampi could ameliorate me...

gene therapy consists of the introduction of genetic material into cells for a therapeutic purpose. the understanding of the basics of the molecular and cellular mechanisms in disease treatments has resulted in the development of high-tech gene transfer materials with improved therapeutic efficacy. based on the results of more than 2000 clinical trials to date, gene therapy is going to be inclu...

how to cite this article : molla mohammadi m, tonekaboni sh, khatami ar, azargashb e, tavasoli a, javadzadeh m, zamani gr. neuroimaging findings in first unprovoked seizures: a multicentric study in tehran. iran j child neurol. 2013 autumn; 7(4):24-31. objective seizure is an emergency in pediatrics. it really matters to the parents of the involved child to have information about the causes, ma...

objective(s) gastric ulceration is induced by various forms of stress like surgery, ischemia and trauma. the female sex has more resistance to stress and the gastrointestinal lesions happen fewer than male sex. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of estradiol and progesterone on the gastric acid and pepsin levels following traumatic brain injury (tbi) induction. materials and met...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to determine na-ca exchanger 2, 3 (ncx2, 3) protein level changes during 2, 5, 10, 15 days after induction of normobaric hyperoxia (ho) preconditioning. materials and methods: rats were divided in two experimental groups. the first group was exposed to 95% inspired ho for 4 h/day for 6 consecutive days (ho). the second group acted as control, and was ...

blood brain barrier (bbb) is a specialized non fenestrate barrier that formation by the endothelial cells and controls the transportation of the cells and molecules in to the brain. reducing in function of bbb is one of disruptions in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis. endothelial progenitor cell (epc) help to the bbb to control the diapedesis of inflammatory cells & molecules in to...

in western countries such as united states data from 2002-2006 showed that at least 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (tbi) each year. of those individuals, about 52,000 die, 275,000 are hospitalized, and 1.365 million are treated and released from an emergency department. in 2000, direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of totaled an estimated $76.5 ...