Echium Amoenum (Boraginaceae) is one of the important medicinal herbs in traditional medicine. It has known for its variety effects such as demulcent, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, especially for common cold, anxiolytic and sedative, this plant contains small quantities of pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic and chronic consumption may have adverse effects on the body's organs. in th...

Recent papers have reported that oxytocin (Oxt) and the oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) may be involved in the regulation of food intake in mammals. We therefore suspected the Oxt/Oxtr system to be involved in energy homeostasis. In previous studies, we found a tendency toward obesity in Oxtr-deficient (Oxtr (-/-)) mice, as well as impaired thermoregulation when these mice were exposed to cold conditi...

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is expressed in different areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus and plays an important role in neural control of the energy balance, including feeding behavior and metabolic fluxes. This study tested the hypothesis that hypothalamic LPL participates in the control of body temperature. We first showed that cold exposure induces decreased activity and expression ...

INTRODUCTION In the general population, we can find 2-3% of lifelong olfactory disorders (from hyposmia to anosmia). Two of the most frequent aetiologies are the common cold and flu. The aim of this study was to show the degree of long-term olfactory dysfunction caused by a cold or flu. METHODS This study was based on 240 patients, with olfactory loss caused only by flu or a cold. We excluded...

Pain that occurs after a stroke lowers the quality of life. Such post-stroke pain is caused in part by the brain lesion itself, called central post-stroke pain. We investigated the analgesic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stroke patients through quantitative sensory testing. Fourteen participants with central post-stroke pain (7 female and 7 male subjects) were rec...

Bluefin tuna have a unique physiology. Elevated metabolic rates coupled with heat exchangers enable bluefin tunas to conserve heat in their locomotory muscle, viscera, eyes and brain, yet their hearts operate at ambient water temperature. This arrangement of a warm fish with a cold heart is unique among vertebrates and can result in a reduction in cardiac function in the cold despite the elevat...

Reduced environmental temperature triggers a range of behavioml and physiological responses to maintain body temperature. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of thennoregulatory heat production [ 11, and during cold exposure thennogenesis in the tissue is rapidly stimulated, through the release of noradrenaline by the sympathetic nervous system. There is a substantially increased require...

Background Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is an autoinflammatory disorder with a spectrum ranging from the milder familial cold auto-inflammatory (FCAS) phenotype to more severe Muckle–Wells Syndrome. Although headaches are most common neurological symptoms, neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) have only been reported in phenotypes. Case Presentation We desc...

BACKGROUND Genetic analysis of the Drosophila septate junctions has greatly contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the assembly of these adhesion structures, which bear strong similarities with the vertebrate tight junctions and the paranodal septate junctions. These adhesion complexes share conserved molecular components and have a common function: the formation of para...

On the basis of its marked thermogenic and lipolytic effects in birds, glucagon appears as a strong mediator of avian nonshivering thermogenesis (NST).The present work was performed to test whether glucagon administration acts directly on avian thermoregulatory mechanisms by inducing thermogenesis or indirectly through the participation of serotonin (5-HT); a widely distributed monoamine neurot...